{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:04:18Z","timestamp":1780610658795,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This present study describes the entropy generation on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) blood flow of a nanofluid induced by peristaltic waves. The governing equation of continuity, equation of motion, nano-particle and entropy equations are solved by neglecting the inertial forces and taking long wavelength approximation. The resulting highly non-linear coupled partial differential equation has been solved analytically with the help of perturbation method. Mathematical and graphical results of all the physical parameters for velocity, concentration, temperature, and entropy are also presented. Numerical computation has been used to evaluate the expression for the pressure rise and friction forces. Currently, magnetohydrodynamics is applicable in pumping the fluids for pulsating and non-pulsating continuous flows in different microchannel designs and it also very helpful to control the flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e18040117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T10:31:20Z","timestamp":1459506680000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Entropy Generation on MHD Blood Flow of Nanofluid Due to Peristaltic Waves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6309-8688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China"},{"name":"ENN-Tongji Clean Energy Institute of Advanced Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bhatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munawwar","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles","volume":"231","author":"Choi","year":"1995","journal-title":"ASME Int. Mech. Eng. Congr. Expos."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.05.017","article-title":"Heat transfer characteristics in double tube helical heat exchangers using Nanofluids","volume":"54","author":"Huminic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass. 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