{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:49:08Z","timestamp":1780991348371,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]],"date-time":"2016-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61202184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61202184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Scientific research plan projects","award":["2015JQ6240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015JQ6240"]}]},{"name":"Scientific research plan projects","award":["2013JK1152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013JK1152"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extreme learning machine (ELM) techniques have received considerable attention in the computational intelligence and machine learning communities because of the significantly low computational time required for training new classifiers. ELM provides solutions for regression, clustering, binary classification, multiclass classifications and so on, but not for multi-label learning. Multi-label learning deals with objects having multiple labels simultaneously, which widely exist in real-world applications. Therefore, a thresholding method-based ELM is proposed in this paper to adapt ELM to multi-label classification, called extreme learning machine for multi-label classification (ELM-ML). ELM-ML outperforms other multi-label classification methods in several standard data sets in most cases, especially for applications which only have a small labeled data set.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e18060225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]],"date-time":"2016-06-08T11:26:26Z","timestamp":1465385186000},"page":"225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Extreme Learning Machine for Multi-Label Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changmeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Shing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feijuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University City College, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.01.012","article-title":"Multi-label core vector machine with a zero label","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2013.39","article-title":"A review on multi-label learning algorithms","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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