{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:14:06Z","timestamp":1774484046825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]],"date-time":"2016-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A three dimensional computational solution has been obtained to investigate the natural convection and entropy generation of nanofluid-filled open cavities with an adiabatic diamond shaped obstacle. In the model, the finite volume technique was used to solve the governing equations. Based on the configuration, the cavity is heated from the left vertical wall and the diamond shape was chosen as adiabatic. Effects of nanoparticle volume fraction, Rayleigh number (103 \u2264 Ra \u2264 106) and width of diamond shape were studied as governing parameters. It was found that the geometry of the partition is a control parameter for heat and fluid flow inside the open enclosure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e18060232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:43:08Z","timestamp":1466642588000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["3D Buoyancy-Induced Flow and Entropy Generation of Nanofluid-Filled Open Cavities Having Adiabatic Diamond Shaped Obstacles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4368-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lioua","family":"Kolsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Ha\u00efl University, Ha\u00efl City 2240, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche de M\u00e9trologie et des Syst\u00e8mes Energ\u00e9tique, Ecole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs, University of Monastir, Monastir City 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Mahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"\u00d6ztop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty, F\u0131rat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Aich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Ha\u00efl University, Ha\u00efl City 2240, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche Mat\u00e9riaux, \u00c9nergie et \u00c9nergies Renouvelables, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Borjini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche de M\u00e9trologie et des Syst\u00e8mes Energ\u00e9tique, Ecole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs, University of Monastir, Monastir City 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nidal","family":"Abu-Hamdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. 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