{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T21:34:01Z","timestamp":1789335241122,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003406","name":"TEKES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In complex systems, flexibility and adaptability to changes are crucial to the systems\u2019 dynamic stability and evolution. Such resilience requires that the system is able to respond to disturbances by self-organizing, which implies a certain level of entropy within the system. Dynamic states (static, cyclical\/periodic, complex, and chaotic) reflect this generative capacity, and correlate with the level of entropy. For planning complex cities, we need to develop methods to guide such autonomous progress in an optimal manner. A classical apparatus, cellular automaton (CA), provides such a tool. Applications of CA help us to study temporal dynamics in self-organizing urban systems. By exploring the dynamic states of the model\u2019s dynamics resulting from different border conditions it is possible to discover favorable set(s) of rules conductive to the self-organizing dynamics and enable the system\u2019s recovery at the time of crises. Level of entropy is a relevant measurement for evaluation of these dynamic states. The 2-D urban cellular automaton model studied here is based on the microeconomic principle that similar urban activities are attracted to each other, especially in certain self-organizing areas, and that the local dynamics of these enclaves affect the dynamics of the urban region by channeling flows of information, goods and people. The results of the modeling experiment indicate that the border conditions have a major impact on the model\u2019s dynamics generating various dynamic states of the system. Most importantly, it seemed that the model could simulate a favorable, complex dynamic state with medium entropy level which may refer to the continuous self-organization of the system. The model provides a tool for exploring and understanding the effects of boundary conditions in the planning process as various scenarios are tested: resulting dynamics of the system can be explored with such \u201cplanning rules\u201d prior to decisions, helping to identify planning guidelines that will support the future evolution of these areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19010012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]],"date-time":"2016-12-28T11:22:14Z","timestamp":1482924134000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Urban Cellular Automata Model for Simulating Dynamic States on a Local Scale"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jenni","family":"Partanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Planning, School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, Tampere 33720, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Haken, H. 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