{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T07:42:33Z","timestamp":1777794153482,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The streamflow and water level complexity of the Poyang Lake basin has been investigated over multiple time-scales using daily observations of the water level and streamflow spanning from 1954 through 2013. The composite multiscale sample entropy was applied to measure the complexity and the Mann-Kendall algorithm was applied to detect the temporal changes in the complexity. The results show that the streamflow and water level complexity increases as the time-scale increases. The sample entropy of the streamflow increases when the timescale increases from a daily to a seasonal scale, also the sample entropy of the water level increases when the time-scale increases from a daily to a monthly scale. The water outflows of Poyang Lake, which is impacted mainly by the inflow processes, lake regulation, and the streamflow processes of the Yangtze River, is more complex than the water inflows. The streamflow and water level complexity over most of the time-scales, between the daily and monthly scales, is dominated by the increasing trend. This indicates the enhanced randomness, disorderliness, and irregularity of the streamflows and water levels. This investigation can help provide a better understanding to the hydrological features of large freshwater lakes. Ongoing research will be made to analyze and understand the mechanisms of the streamflow and water level complexity changes within the context of climate change and anthropogenic activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19020067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T10:09:07Z","timestamp":1487153347000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Investigation into Multi-Temporal Scale Complexity of Streamflows and Water Levels in the Poyang Lake Basin, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xunzhou","family":"Chunyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuankun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Poyang Lake Hydro Project Construction Office of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang River Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International River Research Centre, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3390\/e13010195","article-title":"Wavelet-Based Analysis on the Complexity of Hydrologic Series Data under Multi-Temporal Scales","volume":"13","author":"Sang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.8148","article-title":"The influence of dam and lakes on the Yangtze River streamflow: long-range correlation and complexity analyses","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hydrol. 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