{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:05:08Z","timestamp":1777568708109,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hungarian OTKA","award":["K104260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K104260"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian OTKA","award":["NK106119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NK106119"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian OTKA","award":["K120660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K120660"]}]},{"name":"MTA-UA bilateral mobility program","award":["NKM-81\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKM-81\/2016"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian-Chinese Collaboration NKFIH TET","award":["12 CN-1-2012-0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12 CN-1-2012-0016"]}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"Wigner GPU Laboratory"},{"name":"New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities, Hungary","award":["\u00daNKP-16-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-16-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The analysis of high-energy particle collisions is an excellent testbed for the non-extensive statistical approach. In these reactions we are far from the thermodynamical limit. In small colliding systems, such as electron-positron or nuclear collisions, the number of particles is several orders of magnitude smaller than the Avogadro number; therefore, finite-size and fluctuation effects strongly influence the final-state one-particle energy distributions. Due to the simple characterization, the description of the identified hadron spectra with the Boltzmann\u2013Gibbs thermodynamical approach is insufficient. These spectra can be described very well with Tsallis\u2013Pareto distributions instead, derived from non-extensive thermodynamics. Using the q-entropy formula, we interpret the microscopic physics in terms of the Tsallis q and T parameters. In this paper we give a view on these parameters, analyzing identified hadron spectra from recent years in a wide center-of-mass energy range. We demonstrate that the fitted Tsallis-parameters show dependency on the center-of-mass energy and particle species (mass). Our findings are described well by a QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) inspired parton evolution ansatz. Based on this comprehensive study, apart from the evolution, both mesonic and baryonic components found to be non-extensive (    q &gt; 1    ), besides the mass ordered hierarchy observed in the parameter T. We also study and compare in details the theory-obtained parameters for the case of PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo Generator, perturbative QCD and quark coalescence models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19030088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1487935190000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Systematic Analysis of the Non-Extensive Statistical Approach in High Energy Particle Collisions\u2014Experiment vs. Theory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-0120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"B\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wigner Research Center for Physics of the HAS, 29\u201333 Konkoly\u2013Thege Mikl\u00f3s Str., H-1121 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Physics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1\/A P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny P\u00e9ter S\u00e9t\u00e1ny, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Gergely","family":"Barnaf\u00f6ldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wigner Research Center for Physics of the HAS, 29\u201333 Konkoly\u2013Thege Mikl\u00f3s Str., H-1121 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6188-8478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Bir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wigner Research Center for Physics of the HAS, 29\u201333 Konkoly\u2013Thege Mikl\u00f3s Str., H-1121 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1roly","family":"\u00dcrm\u00f6ssy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 5 \u017beromskiego St., 25-369 Kielce, Poland"}]},{"given":"\u00c1d\u00e1m","family":"Tak\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1\/A P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny P\u00e9ter S\u00e9t\u00e1ny, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gell-Mann, M., and Tsallis, C. 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