{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T15:57:38Z","timestamp":1762444658396,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,26]],"date-time":"2017-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper provides an illustrated description of a proposed LiBr-H2O vapour absorption refrigerator which uses a thermally activated solution pumping mechanism that combines controlled variations in generator vapour pressure with changes it produces in static-head pressure difference to circulate the absorbent solution between the generator and absorber vessels. The proposed system is different and potentially more efficient than a bubble pump system previously proposed and avoids the need for an electrically powered circulation pump found in most conventional LiBr absorption refrigerators. The paper goes on to provide a sample set of calculations that show that the coefficient of performance values of the proposed cycle are similar to those found for conventional cycles. The theoretical results compare favourably with some preliminary experimental results, which are also presented for the first time in this paper. The paper ends by proposing an outline design for an innovative steam valve, which is a key component needed to control the solution pumping mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19030090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T11:00:20Z","timestamp":1488193220000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A LiBr-H2O Absorption Refrigerator Incorporating a Thermally Activated Solution Pumping Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Eames","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrefrig.2015.10.007","article-title":"Absorption refrigeration cycles: Categorized based on the cycle construction","volume":"62","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Asdrubali, F., Baldinelli, G., and Presciutti, A. Solar Cooling with Small-Size Absorption Chillers: Different Solutions for Summer Air Conditioning. Available online: http:\/\/www.crbnet.it\/File\/Pubblicazion\/pdf\/1439.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (1993). ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals, S-I Edition, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, H., Liu, B., and Yan, Y. (2016). Numerical simulation of bubbles motion in lifting pipe of a bubble pump for lithium bromide absorption chillers. Appl. Therm. Eng., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.064"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2016.04.002","article-title":"Experimental investigation on the flow behaviour in a bubble pump of diffusion absorption refrigeration systems","volume":"8","author":"Benhmidene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrefrig.2008.01.009","article-title":"The influence of the generator and bubble pump configuration on the performance of diffusion absorption (DAR) system(s)","volume":"31","author":"Zohar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.149","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental study on the lifting performance of bubble pump with variable cross-section lift tube","volume":"111","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(98)00156-3","article-title":"Influence of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties on water-based working fluids for bubble pump operated vapour absorption refrigerator","volume":"40","author":"Saravanan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrefrig.2013.03.011","article-title":"Analysis and modelling of water based bubble pump at atmospheric pressure","volume":"36","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-7007(98)00006-1","article-title":"Studies on bubble pump for a water-lithium bromide vapour absorption refrigerator","volume":"21","author":"Pfaff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2007.05.001","article-title":"Experimental research on a new solar pump-free lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system with a second generator","volume":"82","author":"Gu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-4311(03)00209-6","article-title":"Experimental analysis of a bubble pump operated LiBr-H2O vapour absorption cooler","volume":"23","author":"Saravanan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(96)00114-8","article-title":"Effect of component pressure drops in two-fluid pumpless continuous vapour absorption refrigerator","volume":"38","author":"Saravanan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Energy Covers. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrefrig.2004.11.006","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of the performance of a H2O-LiBr absorption refrigerator under different service conditions","volume":"28","author":"Asdrubali","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0017-9310(96)00339-0","article-title":"Evaporation Coefficient of Water, International","volume":"40","author":"Eames","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-4332(95)90010-1","article-title":"Design and experimental performance of an absorption heat transformer with self circulation","volume":"15","author":"Abrahamsson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Heat Recovery CHP"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Stephens, J., and Eames, I.W. (1999). Lithium-Bromide Absorption Refrigeration, School of the Built Environment, University of Nottingham. A Project Report."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-4311(02)00210-7","article-title":"A valve operated absorption refrigerator","volume":"23","author":"Eames","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2012.03.029","article-title":"Development of a thermo-gravity pumping mechanism for circulating the working fluids in a novel LiBr-H2O vapour absorption (VAR) system","volume":"47","author":"Paurine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Rogers, G.F.C., and Mayhew, Y.R. (1981). Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids, (SI Units), Basil Blackwell. [3rd ed.]."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/19\/3\/90\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:29:14Z","timestamp":1760207354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/19\/3\/90"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,26]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["e19030090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e19030090","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,26]]}}}