{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:39:16Z","timestamp":1787027956643,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates the results of a Second Law analysis applied to a mobile air conditioning system (MACs) integrated with an internal heat exchanger (IHX) by considering R152a, R1234yf and R1234ze as low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants and establishing R134a as baseline. System simulation is performed considering the maximum value of entropy generated in the IHX. The maximum entropy production occurs at an effectiveness of 66% for both R152a and R134a, whereas for the cases of R1234yf and R1234ze occurs at 55%. Sub-cooling and superheating effects are evaluated for each one of the cases. It is also found that the sub-cooling effect shows the greatest impact on the cycle efficiency. The results also show the influence of isentropic efficiency on relative exergy destruction, resulting that the most affected components are the compressor and the condenser for all of the refrigerants studied herein. It is also found that the most efficient operation of the system resulted to be when using the R1234ze refrigerant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19040175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]],"date-time":"2017-04-19T10:22:01Z","timestamp":1492597321000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Second Law Analysis of a Mobile Air Conditioning System with Internal Heat Exchanger Using Low GWP Refrigerants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Vicente","family":"P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Division, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Belman-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Division, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metal-Mechanical, Technological University of Guanajuato Southwest, Valle-Huanimaro Km. 1.2, Valle de Santiago 38400, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor.","family":"Rangel-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Division, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Gallegos-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Division, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNEP (2011). 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