{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:12:20Z","timestamp":1760242340674,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]],"date-time":"2017-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent loophole-free experiments have confirmed the violation of Bell\u2019s inequalities in nature. Yet, in order to insert measured values in Bell\u2019s inequalities, it is unavoidable to make a hypothesis similar to \u201cergodicity at the hidden variables level\u201d. This possibility opens a promising way out from the old controversy between quantum mechanics and local realism. Here, I review the reason why such a hypothesis (actually, it is one of a set of related hypotheses) in addition to local realism is necessary, and present a simple example, related to Bell\u2019s inequalities, where the hypothesis is violated. This example shows that the violation of the additional hypothesis is necessary, but not sufficient, to violate Bell\u2019s inequalities without violating local realism. The example also provides some clues that may reveal the violation of the additional hypothesis in an experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19040180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,24]],"date-time":"2017-04-24T13:10:11Z","timestamp":1493039411000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using Measured Values in Bell\u2019s Inequalities Entails at Least One Hypothesis in Addition to Local Realism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Hnilo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en L\u00e1seres y Aplicaciones (CEILAP), UNIDEF (MINDEF-CONICET), CITEDEF, J.B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli 1603, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/41\/12\/002","article-title":"Bell\u2019s theorem: Experimental tests and implications","volume":"41","author":"Clauser","year":"1978","journal-title":"Rep. 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B"}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/19\/4\/180\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:33:13Z","timestamp":1760207593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/19\/4\/180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["e19040180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e19040180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]]}}}