{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:42:24Z","timestamp":1761709344821,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]],"date-time":"2017-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61371170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61371170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NP2015404","NS2016038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NP2015404","NS2016038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004750","name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20152052028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20152052028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012154","name":"Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KYLX15_0282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYLX15_0282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a low probability of interception (LPI) radar waveform design method with a fixed average power constraint based on information theory. The Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence (KLD) between the intercept signal and background noise is presented as a practical metric to evaluate the performance of the adversary intercept receiver in this paper. Through combining it with the radar performance metric, that is, the mutual information (MI), a multi-objective optimization model of LPI waveform design is developed. It is a trade-off between the performance of radar and enemy intercept receiver. After being transformed into a single-objective optimization problem, it can be solved by using an interior point method and a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. Simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed LPI radar waveform design method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19050210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T11:45:16Z","timestamp":1494243916000},"page":"210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Information Content Based Optimal Radar Waveform Design: LPI\u2019s Purpose"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"David, L.J. 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