{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T19:27:41Z","timestamp":1773948461184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009239","name":"HFSP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Young Investigator Grant RGY0088\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Young Investigator Grant RGY0088\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009239","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an on-going debate in cognitive (neuro) science and philosophy between classical cognitive theory and embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive (\u201c4-Es\u201d) views of cognition\u2014a family of theories that emphasize the role of the body in cognition and the importance of brain-body-environment interaction over and above internal representation. This debate touches foundational issues, such as whether the brain internally represents the external environment, and \u201cinfers\u201d or \u201ccomputes\u201d something. Here we focus on two (4-Es-based) criticisms to traditional cognitive theories\u2014to the notions of passive perception and of serial information processing\u2014and discuss alternative ways to address them, by appealing to frameworks that use, or do not use, notions of internal modelling and inference. Our analysis illustrates that: an explicitly inferential framework can capture some key aspects of embodied and enactive theories of cognition; some claims of computational and dynamical theories can be reconciled rather than seen as alternative explanations of cognitive phenomena; and some aspects of cognitive processing (e.g., detached cognitive operations, such as planning and imagination) that are sometimes puzzling to explain from enactive and non-representational perspectives can, instead, be captured nicely from the perspective that internal generative models and predictive processing mediate adaptive control loops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19060266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T10:29:59Z","timestamp":1497004199000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Model-Based Approaches to Active Perception and Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pezzulo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4248-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Donnarumma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Iodice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Maisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0642-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivilin","family":"Stoianov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Via S. Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology, Dover Publications.","DOI":"10.1037\/10538-000"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X07003123","article-title":"The shared circuits model (SCM): How control, mirroring, and simulation can enable imitation, deliberation, and mindreading","volume":"31","author":"Hurley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. 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