{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T21:08:33Z","timestamp":1774991313702,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]],"date-time":"2017-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We numerically investigate out-of-equilibrium stationary processes emerging in a Discrete Nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger chain in contact with a heat reservoir (a bath) at temperature     T L     and a pure dissipator (a sink) acting on opposite edges. Long-time molecular-dynamics simulations are performed by evolving the equations of motion within a symplectic integration scheme. Mass and energy are steadily transported through the chain from the heat bath to the sink. We observe two different regimes. For small heat-bath temperatures     T L     and chemical-potentials, temperature profiles across the chain display a non-monotonous shape, remain remarkably smooth and even enter the region of negative absolute temperatures. For larger temperatures     T L    , the transport of energy is strongly inhibited by the spontaneous emergence of discrete breathers, which act as a thermal wall. A strongly intermittent energy flux is also observed, due to the irregular birth and death of breathers. The corresponding statistics exhibit the typical signature of rare events of processes with large deviations. In particular, the breather lifetime is found to be ruled by a stretched-exponential law.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19090445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]],"date-time":"2017-08-25T11:03:17Z","timestamp":1503658997000},"page":"445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A Chain, a Bath, a Sink, and a Wall"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Iubini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8675-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Livi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]},{"given":"Gian-Luca","family":"Oppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUPA and Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8688-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology & SUPA, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0370-1573(02)00558-6","article-title":"Thermal conduction in classical low-dimensional lattices","volume":"377","author":"Lepri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. 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