{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:27:57Z","timestamp":1777444077946,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,26]],"date-time":"2017-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad and the European Regional Development Fund","award":["TEC2014-53196-R and RTC-2015-3446-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2014-53196-R and RTC-2015-3446-1"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n de la Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n and FEDER","award":["VA037U16 and VA059U13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA037U16 and VA059U13"]}]},{"name":"European Commission and European Regional Development Fund","award":["An\u00e1lisis y correlaci\u00f3n entre el genoma completo y la actividad cerebral para la ayuda en el diagn\u00f3stico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (Cooperation Programme Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal POCTEP 2014-2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["An\u00e1lisis y correlaci\u00f3n entre el genoma completo y la actividad cerebral para la ayuda en el diagn\u00f3stico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (Cooperation Programme Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal POCTEP 2014-2020)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007509","name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neumolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["158\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["158\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad and University of Valladolid","award":["Promoci\u00f3n de Empleo Joven e Implantaci\u00f3n de la Garant\u00eda Juvenil en I+D+i"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Promoci\u00f3n de Empleo Joven e Implantaci\u00f3n de la Garant\u00eda Juvenil en I+D+i"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IJCI-2014-22664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJCI-2014-22664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01HL130984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01HL130984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this paper is to evaluate the evolution of irregularity and variability of airflow (AF) signals as sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) severity increases in children. We analyzed 501 AF recordings from children 6.2 \u00b1 3.4 years old. The respiratory rate variability (RRV) signal, which is obtained from AF, was also estimated. The proposed methodology consisted of three phases: (i) extraction of spectral entropy (SE1), quadratic spectral entropy (SE2), cubic spectral entropy (SE3), and central tendency measure (CTM) to quantify irregularity and variability of AF and RRV; (ii) feature selection with forward stepwise logistic regression (FSLR), and (iii) classification of subjects using logistic regression (LR). SE1, SE2, SE3, and CTM were used to conduct exploratory analyses that showed increasing irregularity and decreasing variability in AF, and increasing variability in RRV as apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was higher. These tendencies were clearer in children with a higher severity degree (from AHI \u2265 5 events\/hour). Binary LR models achieved 60%, 76%, and 80% accuracy for the AHI cutoff points 1, 5, and 10 e\/h, respectively. These results suggest that irregularity and variability measures are able to characterize paediatric SAHS in AF recordings. Hence, the use of these approaches could be helpful in automatically detecting SAHS in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19090447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,28]],"date-time":"2017-08-28T12:08:37Z","timestamp":1503922117000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Irregularity and Variability Analysis of Airflow Recordings to Facilitate the Diagnosis of Paediatric Sleep Apnoea-Hypopnoea Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5648-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Barroso-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1237-3424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Tobal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Kheirandish-Gozal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1027-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011 Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Neumolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega, Valladolid 47012, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Vaquerizo-Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011 Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011 Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Neumolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega, Valladolid 47012, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4554-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011 Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Neumolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega, Valladolid 47012, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gozal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Hornero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Group, E.T.S.I. 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