{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T15:58:58Z","timestamp":1762444738471,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thermal loading by radiant heaters is used in building heating and hot structure design applications. In this research, characteristics of the thermal radiative heating of an enclosure by a distinct heater are investigated from the second law of thermodynamics point of view. The governing equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy (fluid and solid) are solved by the finite volume method and the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm. Radiant heaters are modeled by constant heat flux elements, and the lower wall is held at a constant temperature while the other boundaries are adiabatic. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the fluid are temperature-dependent, which leads to complex partial differential equations with nonlinear coefficients. The parameter study is done based on the amount of thermal load (presented by heating number) as well as geometrical configuration parameters, such as the aspect ratio of the enclosure and the radiant heater number. The results present the effect of thermal and geometrical parameters on entropy generation and the distribution field. Furthermore, the effect of thermal radiative heating on both of the components of entropy generation (viscous dissipation and heat dissipation) is investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19100506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]],"date-time":"2017-09-29T12:24:04Z","timestamp":1506687844000},"page":"506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Entropy Generation in Thermal Radiative Loading of Structures with Distinct Heaters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4423-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Safaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alrashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automotive and Marine Engineering Technology, College of Technological Studies, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait 130192, Kuwait"}]},{"given":"Truong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Enio","family":"Bandarra Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Av. Joao Naves de Avila, 2121, Santa Monica, Uberlandia MG 38408-514, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-207X(99)00168-2","article-title":"Pyrometry applications in thermal plasma processing","volume":"56","author":"Bertrand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"979","article-title":"Energy balance analysis and energy saving opportunities for Erdemir slab furnace","volume":"32","author":"Ertem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util. Environ. Eff."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksues.2013.03.002","article-title":"Experimental investigation of thermal loading of a horizontal thin plate using infrared camera","volume":"26","author":"Jamalabadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Eng. 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