{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:15:43Z","timestamp":1760242543174,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on a recent numerical simulation of the temporal evolution of a spherically perturbed BPS monopole, SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics, Louis de Broglie\u2019s deliberations on the disparate Lorentz transformations of the frequency of an internal \u201cclock\u201d on one hand and the associated quantum energy on the other hand, and postulating that the electron is represented by a figure-eight shaped, self-intersecting center vortex loop in SU(2) Quantum Yang-Mills theory we estimate the spatial radius     R 0     of this self-intersection region in terms of the electron\u2019s Compton wave length     \u03bb C    . This region, which is immersed into the confining phase, constitutes a blob of deconfining phase of temperature     T 0     mildly above the critical temperature     T c     carrying a frequently perturbed BPS monopole (with a magnetic-electric dual interpretation of its charge w.r.t. U(1)\u2282SU(2)). We also establish a quantitative relation between rest mass     m 0     of the electron and SU(2) Yang-Mills scale    \u039b   , which in turn is defined via     T c    . Surprisingly,     R 0     turns out to be comparable to the Bohr radius while the core size of the monopole matches     \u03bb C    , and the correction to the mass of the electron due to Coulomb energy is about 2%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e19110575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T06:48:14Z","timestamp":1509000494000},"page":"575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Isolated Electron: De Broglie\u2019s Hidden Thermodynamics, SU(2) Quantum Yang-Mills Theory, and a Strongly Perturbed BPS Monopole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ralf","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1133","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.140.A1133","article-title":"Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects","volume":"140","author":"Kohn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Phys. 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