{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:22:18Z","timestamp":1791890538316,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adsorption technology is currently one of the most popular methods of air separation. At relatively low energy expenditure, this allows oxygen to be obtained with sufficient purity for oxyfuel, metallurgy or medical applications. The adsorption process is dependent on several factors such as pressure, temperature, the concentration of adsorbed element in the gas phase, or the surface area of the phase boundary. The paper shows the calculation of the minimum energy needed for oxygen separation taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of the adsorption methods. The article shows how many times the energy consumption of a real oxygen-separation plant is higher than the theoretical energy consumption, and indicates which components of the adsoption installation can be further improved. The paper is supported by research conducted on an oxygen-separation installation at a semi-technical scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20040232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T05:26:37Z","timestamp":1522301197000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Energy Consumption of Air-Separation Adsorption Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0353-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Banaszkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryogenic, Aeronautic and Process Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Chorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryogenic, Aeronautic and Process Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3820(01)00131-X","article-title":"A review of air separation technologies and their integration with energy conversion processes","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fuel Process. 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Purif."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2012.06.118","article-title":"Dual-site Langmuir modeling of the liquid phase adsorption of linear and branched paraffins onto a PVDC carbon molecular sieve","volume":"102","author":"Laredo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Talu, O., and Hayhurst, D.T. (1989). Isosteric Heat of Adsorption by the Virial Isotherm Equation, AIChE Annual Meeting."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1021\/ie950291y","article-title":"Correlation of multicomponent gas adsorption by the dual-site langmuir model. Application to nitrogen\/oxygen adsorption on 5a-zeolite","volume":"35","author":"Mathias","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"692","article-title":"Thermodynamic properties of zeolites: Low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions for phillipsite and clinoptilolite. 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