{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:59:33Z","timestamp":1760241573762,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation China","award":["ZR2012EEL07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2012EEL07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vibrations of defective gearboxes show great complexities. Therefore, dynamics and noise levels of vibrations of gearboxes vary with operation of gearboxes. As a result, nonlinearity and determinism of data can serve to describe running conditions of gearboxes. However, measuring of nonlinearity and determinism of data is challenging. This paper defines a two-dimensional measure for simultaneously quantifying nonlinearity and determinism of data by comparing generalized Hurst exponents of original, shuffle and surrogate data. Afterwards, this paper proposes a novel method for fault diagnosis of gearboxes using the two-dimensional measure. Robustness of the proposed method was validated numerically by analyzing simulative signals with different noise levels. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method was benchmarked against Approximate Entropy, Sample Entropy, Permutation Entropy and Delay Vector Variance by conducting two independent gearbox experiments. The results show that the proposed method achieves superiority over the others in fault diagnosis of gearboxes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20050364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T02:57:20Z","timestamp":1526266640000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fault Diagnosis of Gearboxes Using Nonlinearity and Determinism by Generalized Hurst Exponents of Shuffle and Surrogate Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhong","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China"},{"name":"School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, Weifang University, No. 5147 Dong Feng Dong Street, Weifang 261061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueye","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinshan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering, Weifang University, No. 5147 Dong Feng Dong Street, Weifang 261061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.08.036","article-title":"Early fault diagnosis of bearing and stator faults of the single-phase induction motor using acoustic signals","volume":"113","author":"Glowacz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Shannon Entropy and K-Means Method for Automatic Diagnosis of Broken Rotor Bars in Induction Motors Using Vibration Signals","volume":"2016","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shock. 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