{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:25:42Z","timestamp":1771039542991,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51475065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51475065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51605068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51605068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A damage degree identification method based on high-order difference mathematical morphology gradient spectrum entropy (HMGSEDI) is proposed in this paper to solve the problem that fault signal of rolling bearings are weak and difficult to be quantitatively measured. In the HMGSEDI method, on the basis of mathematical morphology gradient spectrum and spectrum entropy, the changing scale influence of structure elements to damage degree identification is thoroughly analyzed to determine its optimal scale range. The high-order difference mathematical morphology gradient spectrum entropy is then defined in order to quantitatively describe the fault damage degree of bearing. The discrimination concept of fault damage degree is defined to quantitatively describe the difference between the high-order differential mathematical entropy and the general mathematical morphology entropy in order to propose a fault damage degree identification method. The vibration signal of motors under no-load and load states are used to testify the effectiveness of the proposed HMGSEDI method. The experiment shows that high-order differential mathematical morphology entropy can more effectively identify the fault damage degree of bearings and the identification accuracy of fault damage degree can be greatly improved. Therefore, the HMGSEDI method is an effective quantitative fault damage degree identification method, and provides a new way to identify fault damage degree and fault prediction of rotating machinery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20090682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1536320861000},"page":"682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Study on a Novel Fault Damage Degree Identification Method Using High-Order Differential Mathematical Morphology Gradient Spectrum Entropy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Institute, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"},{"name":"Chuzhou Technical Supervision and Testing Center, Chuzhou 239000, China"},{"name":"Traction Power State Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining &amp; Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Institute, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chuzhou Technical Supervision and Testing Center, Chuzhou 239000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Institute, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Institute, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Institute, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"},{"name":"Traction Power State Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining &amp; Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hybrid Computation and IC Design Analysis, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Welding and Reliability of Rail Transportation Equipment, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2792650","article-title":"A Thermodynamic framework for damage mechanics of solder joints","volume":"120","author":"Basaran","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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