{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:10:53Z","timestamp":1781017853847,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61472451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61472451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shan Dong Province Nature Science Foundation","award":["ZR2017MEM019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2017MEM019"]}]},{"name":"The science Research Fund of Liaocheng University","award":["318011606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318011606"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big DataProcessing","award":["2016CSOBDP0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016CSOBDP0103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to overcome the difficulty of key management in \u201cone time pad\u201d encryption schemes and also resist the attack of chosen plaintext, a new image encryption algorithm based on chaos and SHA-256 is proposed in this paper. The architecture of confusion and diffusion is adopted. Firstly, the surrounding of a plaintext image is surrounded by a sequence generated from the SHA-256 hash value of the plaintext to ensure that each encrypted result is different. Secondly, the image is scrambled according to the random sequence obtained by adding the disturbance term associated with the plaintext to the chaotic sequence. Third, the cyphertext (plaintext) feedback mechanism of the dynamic index in the diffusion stage is adopted, that is, the location index of the cyphertext (plaintext) used for feedback is dynamic. The above measures can ensure that the algorithm can resist chosen plaintext attacks and can overcome the difficulty of key management in \u201cone time pad\u201d encryption scheme. Also, experimental results such as key space analysis, key sensitivity analysis, differential analysis, histograms, information entropy, and correlation coefficients show that the image encryption algorithm is safe and reliable, and has high application potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20090716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T10:50:31Z","timestamp":1537354231000},"page":"716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["A New Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaos and Secure Hash SHA-256"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9662-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congxu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big Data Processing, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127406015970","article-title":"Some basic cryptographic requirements for chaos-based cryptosystems","volume":"16","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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