{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:03:54Z","timestamp":1760241834640,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy dissipation and decoherence in state-of-the-art quantum nanomaterials and related nanodevices are routinely described and simulated via local scattering models, namely relaxation-time and Boltzmann-like schemes. The incorporation of such local scattering approaches within the Wigner-function formalism may lead to anomalous results, such as suppression of intersubband relaxation, incorrect thermalization dynamics, and violation of probability-density positivity. The primary goal of this article is to investigate a recently proposed quantum-mechanical (nonlocal) generalization (Phys. Rev. B 2017, 96, 115420) of semiclassical (local) scattering models, extending such treatment to carrier\u2013carrier interaction, and focusing in particular on the nonlocal character of Pauli-blocking contributions. In order to concretely show the intrinsic limitations of local scattering models, a few simulated experiments of energy dissipation and decoherence in a prototypical quantum-well semiconductor nanostructure are also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20100726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T11:00:25Z","timestamp":1537527625000},"page":"726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Microscopic Theory of Energy Dissipation and Decoherence in Solid-State Quantum Devices: Need for Nonlocal Scattering Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5532-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Iotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6729-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.141.0061","article-title":"Superlattice and negative differential conductivity in semiconductors","volume":"14","author":"Esaki","year":"1970","journal-title":"IBM J. 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B"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256804","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.256804","article-title":"Edge Dynamics in a Quantum Spin Hall State: Effects from Rashba Spin-Orbit Interaction","volume":"104","author":"Johannesson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033306","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.85.033306","article-title":"Signature of interaction in dc transport of ac-gated quantum spin Hall edge states","volume":"85","author":"Dolcini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"The Wigner transport equation in Equation (7) is formally reminiscent of the Boltzmann transport one for the semiclassical distribution function. Such basic link has also stimulated the development of so-called Wigner Monte Carlo schemes [58,60], namely simulation techniques based on a Monte Carlo solution of the Wigner transport equation."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305004100000487","article-title":"Quantum mechanics as a statistical theory","volume":"45","author":"Moyal","year":"1949","journal-title":"Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"A relevant exception is the so-called \u201cdynamics controlled truncation\u201d introduced by Axt and Stahl [8], based on an expansion in powers of the exciting laser field."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125347","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.72.125347","article-title":"Quantum transport theory for semiconductor nanostructures: A density-matrix formulation","volume":"72","author":"Iotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.52.569","article-title":"Kinetic equations from Hamiltonian dynamics: Markovian limits","volume":"52","author":"Spohn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"It is worth stressing that this treatment is based on the assumption of thermal-equilibrium phonons with a uniform effective temperature. In the presence of significant hot-phonon effects [36], additional nonlocal contributions due to the spatial modulation of the phonon population may arise; however, the latter are expected to play a minor role on the nanometric scale."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"As usual, the two-body carrier\u2013carrier coupling considered here describes the short-range Coulomb contribution only. The long-range contribution may be accounted for via coupled Wigner-Poisson schemes [7]."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"The fact that Equation (23) is the inverse of the Weyl\u2013Wigner transform in (21) can be easily checked noting that:\n\t\t(2\u03c0)\u22123\u2211\u03b11\u03b12W\u03b11\u03b12\u2217(r,k)W\u03b11\u03b12(r\u2032,k\u2032)=\u03b4(r\u2212r\u2032)\u03b4(k\u2212k\u2032)."},{"key":"ref_94","unstructured":"Such a quantum-mechanical state superposition may be realized via ultrafast coherent laser excitation in the infrared spectral range [10]."},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"We stress that such a pure state constitutes the building block for the generation of maximally entangled electronic Bell states in semiconductors [23]."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/20\/10\/726\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:21:54Z","timestamp":1760196114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/20\/10\/726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["e20100726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e20100726","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-4300"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]}}}