{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:57:29Z","timestamp":1771912649856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The observed earthquake scaling laws indicate the existence of phenomena closely associated with the proximity of the system to a critical point. Taking this view that earthquakes are critical phenomena (dynamic phase transitions), here we investigate whether in this case the Lifshitz\u2013Slyozov\u2013Wagner (LSW) theory for phase transitions showing that the characteristic size of the minority phase droplets grows with time as     t  1 \/ 3      is applicable. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the Japanese seismic data in a new time domain termed natural time and find that an LSW behavior is actually obeyed by a precursory change of seismicity and in particular by the fluctuations of the entropy change of seismicity under time reversal before the Tohoku earthquake of magnitude 9.0 that occurred on 11 March 2011 in Japan. Furthermore, the Tsallis entropic index q is found to exhibit a precursory increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20100757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1538479802000},"page":"757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Tsallis Entropy Index q and the Complexity Measure of Seismicity in Natural Time under Time Reversal before the M9 Tohoku Earthquake in 2011"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Panayiotis A.","family":"Varotsos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 157 84 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Solid Earth Physics Institute, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 157 84 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8483-519X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas V.","family":"Sarlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 157 84 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Solid Earth Physics Institute, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 157 84 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthimios S.","family":"Skordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 157 84 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Solid Earth Physics Institute, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 157 84 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(03)00286-3","article-title":"Spatial variability of the time-correlated behaviour in Italian seismicity","volume":"212","author":"Telesca","year":"2003","journal-title":"Earth Planetary Sci. 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