{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T05:18:07Z","timestamp":1774588687238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CoeGSS","award":["676547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["676547"]}]},{"name":"OpenMaker","award":["687941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["687941"]}]},{"name":"SoBigData","award":["654024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["654024"]}]},{"name":"DOLFINS","award":["640772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["640772"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we analyse the bipartite Colombian firms-products network, throughout a period of five years, from 2010 to 2014. Our analysis depicts a strongly modular system, with several groups of firms specializing in the export of specific categories of products. These clusters have been detected by running the bipartite variant of the traditional modularity maximization, revealing a bi-modular structure. Interestingly, this finding is refined by applying a recently proposed algorithm for projecting bipartite networks on the layer of interest and, then, running the Louvain algorithm on the resulting monopartite representations. Important structural differences emerge upon comparing the Colombian firms-products network with the World Trade Web, in particular, the bipartite representation of the latter is not characterized by a similar block-structure, as the modularity maximization fails in revealing (bipartite) nodes clusters. This points out that economic systems behave differently at different scales: while countries tend to diversify their production\u2014potentially exporting a large number of different products\u2014firms specialize in exporting (substantially very limited) baskets of basically homogeneous products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20100785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T10:54:03Z","timestamp":1539341643000},"page":"785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Colombian Export Capabilities: Building the Firms-Products Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4346-1977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies, P.zza S. Francesco 19, 55100 Lucca, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Saracco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies, P.zza S. Francesco 19, 55100 Lucca, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9011-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziano","family":"Squartini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies, P.zza S. Francesco 19, 55100 Lucca, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2327-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Due\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, International Trade and Social Policy, Universidad de Bogot\u00e1 Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Cra. 4, 22-61, 110311 Bogot\u00e1, Cundinamarca, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1144581","article-title":"The product space conditions the development of nations","volume":"317","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caldarelli, G., Cristelli, M., Gabrielli, A., Pietronero, L., Scala, A., and Tacchella, A. (2012). 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