{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T16:59:21Z","timestamp":1761929961799,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016296","name":"Faggin Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of a \u201csystem\u201d is foundational to physics, but the question of how observers identify systems is seldom addressed. Classical thermodynamics restricts observers to finite, finite-resolution observations with which to identify the systems on which \u201cpointer state\u201d measurements are to be made. It is shown that system identification is at best approximate, even in a finite world, and that violations of the Leggett\u2013Garg and Bell\/CHSH (Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt) inequalities emerge naturally as requirements for successful system identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e20100797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T10:22:54Z","timestamp":1539771774000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Some Consequences of the Thermodynamic Cost of System Identification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Fields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 23 rue des Lavandi\u00e8res, 11160 Caunes Minervois, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Boltzmann, L. 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