{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:54:53Z","timestamp":1767084893685,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Foundation of Zunyi Normal University","award":["BS[2016]03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS[2016]03"]}]},{"name":"Education Department Foundation of Guizhou Province","award":["QianjiaoheKYzi[2017]247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QianjiaoheKYzi[2017]247"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11775187, 11847031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11775187, 11847031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has previously been shown that it is more common to describe the evolution of the universe based on the emergence of space and the energy balance relation. Here we investigate the thermodynamic properties of the universe described by such a model. We show that the first law of thermodynamics and the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) are both satisfied and the weak energy condition are also fulfilled for two typical examples. Finally, we examine the physical consistency for the present model. The results show that there exists a good thermodynamic description for such a universe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21020167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T03:18:20Z","timestamp":1549941500000},"page":"167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Thermodynamics in the Universe Described by the Emergence of Space and the Energy Balance Relation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fei-Quan","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China"}]},{"given":"Yi-Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Qi-Hong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1086\/300499","article-title":"Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant","volume":"116","author":"Riess","year":"1998","journal-title":"Astron. 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