{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T08:55:35Z","timestamp":1783068935308,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB0800401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0800401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61532020, 61671161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61532020, 61671161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, an image encryption algorithm based on DNA encoding and spatiotemporal chaos (IEA-DESC) was proposed. In IEA-DESC, pixel diffusion, DNA encoding, DNA-base permutation and DNA decoding are performed successively to generate cipher-images from the plain-images. Some security analyses and simulation results are given to prove that it can withstand various common attacks. However, in this paper, it is found that IEA-DESC has some inherent security defects as follows: (1) the pixel diffusion is invalid for attackers from the perspective of cryptanalysis; (2) the combination of DNA encoding and DNA decoding is equivalent to bitwise complement; (3) the DNA-base permutation is actually a fixed position shuffling operation for quaternary elements, which has been proved to be insecure. In summary, IEA-DESC is essentially a combination of a fixed DNA-base position permutation and bitwise complement. Therefore, IEA-DESC can be equivalently represented as simplified form, and its security solely depends on the equivalent secret key. So the equivalent secret key of IEA-DESC can be recovered using chosen-plaintext attack and chosen-ciphertext attack, respectively. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the two attack methods are both effective and efficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21030246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1551784790000},"page":"246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Breaking an Image Encryption Algorithm Based on DNA Encoding and Spatiotemporal Chaos"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1178-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heping","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhu","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-018-4056-x","article-title":"Brief review on application of nonlinear dynamics in image encryption","volume":"92","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230503","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.66.230503","article-title":"Encryption algorithm based on hadoop and non-degenerate high-dimensional discrete hyperchaotic system","volume":"66","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Phys. 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