{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:49:05Z","timestamp":1781153345625,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,9]],"date-time":"2019-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"18th Internal Call 580 for Research Projects by UABC","award":["485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["485"]}]},{"name":"PRODEP 582 (Professional Development Program for Professors) for supporting the new generations and for 583 innovating the application of knowledge","award":["402\/377\/E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402\/377\/E"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012725","name":"TECNM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6578-18-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6578-18-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Profiling and parallel computing techniques in a cluster of six embedded systems with multiprocessors are introduced herein to implement a chaotic cryptosystem for digital color images. The proposed encryption method is based on stream encryption using a pseudo-random number generator with high-precision arithmetic and data processing in parallel with collective communication. The profiling and parallel computing techniques allow discovery of the optimal number of processors that are necessary to improve the efficiency of the cryptosystem. That is, the processing speed improves the time for generating chaotic sequences and execution of the encryption algorithm. In addition, the high numerical precision reduces the digital degradation in a chaotic system and increases the security levels of the cryptosystem. The security analysis confirms that the proposed cryptosystem is secure and robust against different attacks that have been widely reported in the literature. Accordingly, we highlight that the proposed encryption method is potentially feasible to be implemented in practical applications, such as modern telecommunication devices employing multiprocessors, e.g., smart phones, tablets, and in any embedded system with multi-core hardware.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21030268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1552362571000},"page":"268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Implementing a Chaotic Cryptosystem by Performing Parallel Computing on Embedded Systems with Multiprocessors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Abraham","family":"Flores-Vergara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UABC, Engineering, Architecture and Design Faculty, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico"},{"name":"ITE, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ensenada Institute of Technology, 22780 Ensenada, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Everardo","family":"Inzunza-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UABC, Engineering, Architecture and Design Faculty, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5052-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique Efren","family":"Garc\u00eda-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UABC, Engineering, Architecture and Design Faculty, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4635-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar Roberto","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UABC, Engineering, Architecture and Design Faculty, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITE, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ensenada Institute of Technology, 22780 Ensenada, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Miguel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ontiveros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBTIS, Industrial Technological and Services Baccalaureate Center, 82017 Mazatlan, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5437-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ricardo","family":"C\u00e1rdenas-Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITT, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tijuana Institute of Technology, 22435 Tijuana, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7187-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Tlelo-Cuautle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAOE, Department of Electronics, 72840 Puebla, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, C.J., Wang, H.C., and Wu, J.L. 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