{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:53:16Z","timestamp":1780707196707,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,24]],"date-time":"2019-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["JBK1902029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JBK1902029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Image encryption is one of the essential tasks in image security. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that integrates a hyperchaotic system, pixel-level Dynamic Filtering, DNA computing, and operations on 3D Latin Cubes, namely DFDLC, for image encryption. Specifically, the approach consists of five stages: (1) a newly proposed 5D hyperchaotic system with two positive Lyapunov exponents is applied to generate a pseudorandom sequence; (2) for each pixel in an image, a filtering operation with different templates called dynamic filtering is conducted to diffuse the image; (3) DNA encoding is applied to the diffused image and then the DNA-level image is transformed into several 3D DNA-level cubes; (4) Latin cube is operated on each DNA-level cube; and (5) all the DNA cubes are integrated and decoded to a 2D cipher image. Extensive experiments are conducted on public testing images, and the results show that the proposed DFDLC can achieve state-of-the-art results in terms of several evaluation criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21030319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T03:50:21Z","timestamp":1553831421000},"page":"319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Image Encryption Based on Pixel-Level Diffusion with Dynamic Filtering and DNA-Level Permutation with 3D Latin Cubes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economic Information Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9119-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2667-9","article-title":"An experimental comparison of chaotic and non-chaotic image encryption schemes","volume":"84","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wirel. 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