{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T21:53:49Z","timestamp":1772056429682,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFB0602104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0602104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51806062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51806062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007845","name":"North China Electrical Power University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZZD003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZZD003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007845","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High back-pressure (HBP) heating technology has been identified as an effective approach to improve the efficiency of combined heat and power (CHP). In this study, the novel concept of a HBP heating system with energy cascade utilization is developed and its probability examined. In the reformative design, the extracted heating steam from the intermediate-pressure turbine (IPT) is first drawn to an additional turbine where its excess pressure can be converted into electricity, then steam with a lower pressure can be employed to heat the supply water. As a consequence, the exergy destruction in the supply water heating process can be reduced and the efficiency of the cogeneration unit raised. A detailed thermodynamic investigation was performed based on a typical coal-fired HBP\u2013CHP unit incorporating the proposed configuration. The results show that the artificial thermal efficiency (ATE) promotion was as much as 2.01 percentage points, with an additional net power output of 8.4 MW compared to the reference unit. This was attributed to a 14.65 percentage-point increment in the exergy efficiency of the supply water heating process caused by the suggested retrofitting. The influences of the unit power output, unit heat output, supply water and return water temperatures and turbine back pressure on the thermal performance of the modified system are discussed as well. In addition, the economic performance of the new design is assessed, indicating that the proposed concept is financially feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21040342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T03:50:21Z","timestamp":1553831421000},"page":"342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Thermodynamic and Economic Analyses of Reformative Design for High Back-Pressure Heating in Coal-Fueled Cogeneration Units"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6256-4184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Thermal Power Engineering and Technology Research Center, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Thermal Power Engineering and Technology Research Center, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Jidong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Thermal Power Engineering and Technology Research Center, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Thermal Power Engineering and Technology Research Center, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Thermal Power Engineering and Technology Research Center, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Thermal Power Engineering and Technology Research Center, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}]},{"given":"Gangye","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China Electric Power Design Institute, Shanghai 200063, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/er.3169","article-title":"Methodology to estimate the economic, emissions, and energy benefits from combined heat and power systems based on system component efficiencies","volume":"38","author":"Mago","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. 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