{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T19:08:22Z","timestamp":1761419302789,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we consider nonlinear integration techniques, based on direct Pad\u00e9 approximation of the differential equation solution, and their application to conservative chaotic initial value problems. The properties of discrete maps obtained by nonlinear integration are studied, including phase space volume dynamics, bifurcation diagrams, spectral entropy, and the Lyapunov spectrum. We also plot 2D dynamical maps to enlighten the features introduced by nonlinear integration techniques. The comparative study of classical integration methods and Pad\u00e9 approximation methods is given. It is shown that nonlinear integration techniques significantly change the behavior of discrete models of nonlinear systems, increasing the values of Lyapunov exponents and spectral entropy. This property reduces the applicability of numerical methods based on Pad\u00e9 approximation to the chaotic system simulation but it is still useful for construction of pseudo-random number generators that are resistive to chaos degradation or discrete maps with highly nonlinear properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21040362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T03:13:42Z","timestamp":1554347622000},"page":"362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Effects of Pad\u00e9 Numerical Integration in Simulation of Conservative Chaotic Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8941-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Butusov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Research Institute, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2591-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Karimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Research Institute, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9747-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Tutueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Aided Design, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Kaplun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation and Control Processes, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5841-2193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erivelton G.","family":"Nepomuceno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Modelling Group (GCOM), Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei, MG 36307-352, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550187","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127415501874","article-title":"A new reliable numerical method for computing chaotic solutions of dynamical systems: The Chen attractor case","volume":"25","author":"Lozi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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