{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:03:12Z","timestamp":1773842592189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perception and motor interaction with physical surroundings can be analyzed by the changes in probability laws governing two possible outcomes of neuronal activity, namely the presence or absence of spikes (binary states). Perception and motor interaction with the physical environment are partly accounted for by a reduction in entropy within the probability distributions of binary states of neurons in distributed neural circuits, given the knowledge about the characteristics of stimuli in physical surroundings. This reduction in the total entropy of multiple pairs of circuits in networks, by an amount equal to the increase of mutual information, occurs as sensory information is processed successively from lower to higher cortical areas or between different areas at the same hierarchical level, but belonging to different networks. The increase in mutual information is partly accounted for by temporal coupling as well as synaptic connections as proposed by Bahmer and Gupta (Front. Neurosci. 2018). We propose that robust increases in mutual information, measuring the association between the characteristics of sensory inputs\u2019 and neural circuits\u2019 connectivity patterns, are partly responsible for perception and successful motor interactions with physical surroundings. The increase in mutual information, given the knowledge about environmental sensory stimuli and the type of motor response produced, is responsible for the coupling between action and perception. In addition, the processing of sensory inputs within neural circuits, with no prior knowledge of the occurrence of a sensory stimulus, increases Shannon information. Consequently, the increase in surprise serves to increase the evidence of the sensory model of physical surroundings<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21040365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T11:31:57Z","timestamp":1554377517000},"page":"365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Increase in Mutual Information During Interaction with the Environment Contributes to Perception"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-9932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daya Shankar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ 08012, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0908-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Bahmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Hearing Center, ENT Clinic, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chemero, A. (2009). Radical Embodied Cognitive Science, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8367.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196322","article-title":"Six views of embodied cognition","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613489837","article-title":"An embodied approach to perception: By what units are visual perceptions scaled?","volume":"8","author":"Proffitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Gibson, J.J. (1966). The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Gibson, J.J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Houghton Mifflin."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Bruce, V., Green, P.R., Georgeson, M.A., and Bruce, V. (2003). Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology, & Ecology, Psychology Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, W., and Lazar, A. (2016). Does the cerebral cortex exploit high-dimensional, non-linear dynamics for information processing?. Front. Comput. Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2016.00099"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Helmholtz, H.V., and Southall, J.P.C. (1924). Helmholtz\u2019s Treatise on Physiological Optics, The Optical Society of America."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2015.11.003","article-title":"A review of predictive coding algorithms","volume":"112","author":"Spratling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.10.003","article-title":"Predictive processing: A canonical cortical computation","volume":"100","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.038","article-title":"Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding","volume":"76","author":"Bastos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1622","article-title":"A theory of cortical responses","volume":"360","author":"Friston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/4580","article-title":"Predictive coding in the visual cortex: A functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive-field effects","volume":"2","author":"Rao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2016.03.004","article-title":"Predictive processing simplified: The infotropic machine","volume":"112","author":"Thornton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2006.10.001","article-title":"A free energy principle for the brain","volume":"100","author":"Friston","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Paris"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2787","article-title":"The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory?","volume":"11","author":"Friston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046020","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/4\/046020","article-title":"A freely-moving monkey treadmill model","volume":"11","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.004","article-title":"Motor cortex embeds muscle-like commands in an untangled population response","volume":"97","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhawale, A.K., Poddar, R., Wolff, S.B., Normand, V.A., Kopelowitz, E., and Olveczky, B.P. (2017). Automated long-term recording and analysis of neural activity in behaving animals. Elife, 6.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.27702"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Shannon, C.E., and Weaver, W. (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois Press."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahmer, A., and Gupta, D.S. (2018). Role of oscillations in auditory temporal processing: A general model for temporal processing of sensory information in the brain?. Front. Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00793"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.02.021","article-title":"Brain oscillations in perception, timing and action","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.02.017","article-title":"Ramping activity is a cortical mechanism of temporal control of action","volume":"8","author":"Narayanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00734.2007","article-title":"Decoding of temporal intervals from cortical ensemble activity","volume":"99","author":"Lebedev","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200404090-00001","article-title":"Neural representation of interval time","volume":"15","author":"Durstewitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)00016-4","article-title":"From synchrony to sparseness","volume":"26","author":"Theunissen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.034","article-title":"Rhythms for cognition: Communication through coherence","volume":"88","author":"Fries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.12.005","article-title":"Detecting synchrony in EEG: A comparative study of functional connectivity measures","volume":"105","author":"Bakhshayesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Stone, J.V. (2018). Information Theory: A Tutorial Introduction, Sebtel Press."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.021","article-title":"Dynamic reorganization of neuronal activity patterns in parietal cortex","volume":"170","author":"Driscoll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.010","article-title":"Interactions between dorsal and ventral streams for controlling skilled grasp","volume":"79","author":"Davare","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2004.12.004","article-title":"Information theory, novelty and hippocampal responses: Unpredicted or unpredictable?","volume":"18","author":"Strange","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neural. Netw."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.07.007","article-title":"Sparse coding of sensory inputs","volume":"14","author":"Olshausen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00974","article-title":"An ultra-sparse code underlies the generation of neural sequences in a songbird","volume":"419","author":"Hahnloser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4405","article-title":"Unstable neurons underlie a stable learned behavior","volume":"19","author":"Liberti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7940","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-21-07940.2003","article-title":"Binary spiking in auditory cortex","volume":"23","author":"DeWeese","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kononowicz, T.W., and van Wassenhove, V. (2016). In search of oscillatory traces of the internal clock. Front. Psychol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00224"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13320","article-title":"Neural activity of orbitofrontal cortex contributes to control of waiting","volume":"44","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00816","article-title":"Processing of sub- and supra-second intervals in the primate brain results from the calibration of neuronal oscillators via sensory, motor, and feedback processes","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.33.000286","article-title":"Shannon information for joint estimation\/detection tasks and complex imaging systems","volume":"33","author":"Clarkson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt. Image Sci. Vis."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Von der Malsburg, C. (1981). The correlation theory of brain function. Models of Neural Networks, Springer."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.5.1698","article-title":"Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex","volume":"86","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/379728a0","article-title":"Long-range synchronization of oscillatory light responses in the cat retina and lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"379","author":"Neuenschwander","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/338334a0","article-title":"Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties","volume":"338","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E006","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523817000037","article-title":"Connexin 36 expression is required for electrical coupling between mouse rods and cones","volume":"34","author":"Asteriti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11201","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3416-05.2005","article-title":"Gap-junctional coupling and absolute sensitivity of photoreceptors in macaque retina","volume":"25","author":"Hornstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fain, G., and Sampath, A.P. (2018). Rod and cone interactions in the retina. F1000Res, 7.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14412.1"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E10484","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708261114","article-title":"Gap junctional coupling between retinal amacrine and ganglion cells underlies coherent activity integral to global object perception","volume":"114","author":"Roy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burke, M. (2018). The time-budget perspective of the role of time dimension in modular network dynamics during functions of the brain. Primates, IntechOpen Limited.","DOI":"10.5772\/65832"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Hosseini, S.A. (2018). Convergence of action, reaction, and perception via neural oscillations in dynamic interaction with external surroundings. Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience\u2014Principles, Algorithms and Applications, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00607.2010","article-title":"Functional properties of human primary motor cortex gamma oscillations","volume":"104","author":"Muthukumaraswamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.04.006","article-title":"Gamma band oscillations in the early phase of psychosis: A systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Reilly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1588-0","article-title":"Two different streams form the dorsal visual system: Anatomy and functions","volume":"153","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.07.027","article-title":"Transforming vision into action","volume":"51","author":"Goodale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.07.007","article-title":"Two action systems in the human brain","volume":"127","author":"Binkofski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.02.005","article-title":"The cerebellum: Adaptive prediction for movement and cognition","volume":"21","author":"Sokolov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11453","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0678-12.2012","article-title":"Effective connectivity of the human cerebellum during visual attention","volume":"32","author":"Kellermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.039","article-title":"Biological motion processing: The left cerebellum communicates with the right superior temporal sulcus","volume":"59","author":"Sokolov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs346","article-title":"Structural loop between the cerebellum and the superior temporal sulcus: Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"24","author":"Sokolov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2010.01.009","article-title":"Palm boards are not action measures: An alternative to the two-systems theory of geographical slant perception","volume":"134","author":"Durgin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Investigation of cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in visuomotor networks using magnetoencephalography","volume":"2012","author":"Soto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2018.00090","article-title":"The Anatomy of Inference: Generative Models and Brain Structure","volume":"12","author":"Parr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011284108","article-title":"Laminar differences in gamma and alpha coherence in the ventral stream","volume":"108","author":"Buffalo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.018","article-title":"Visual areas exert feedforward and feedback influences through distinct frequency channels","volume":"85","author":"Bastos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00018","article-title":"A role of phase-resetting in coordinating large scale neural networks during attention and goal-directed behavior","volume":"10","author":"Voloh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05712.x","article-title":"Consciousness and the binding problem","volume":"929","author":"Singer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12187","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501438112","article-title":"Beta oscillations define discrete perceptual cycles in the somatosensory domain","volume":"112","author":"Baumgarten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.07.006","article-title":"Perceptual Cycles","volume":"20","author":"VanRullen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.003","article-title":"Auditory temporal resolution is linked to resonance frequency of the auditory cortex","volume":"98","author":"Baltus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson, B.O., Ding, M., and Buzsaki, G. (2017). Temporal coupling of field potentials and action potentials in the neocortex. Eur. J. Neurosci., 48.","DOI":"10.1101\/214650"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.032","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of sustained attention are rhythmic","volume":"99","author":"Helfrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.044","article-title":"High-alpha band synchronization across frontal, parietal and visual cortex mediates behavioral and neuronal effects of visuospatial attention","volume":"165","author":"Lobier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langner, G., and Benson, C. (2015). The Neural Code of Pitch and Harmony, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139050852"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Josa, R.V., Camus, T., Murday, V., Morgado, N., Palluel-Germain, R., Brunel, L., and Brouillet, D. (2019). The action constraints of an object increase distance estimation in extrapersonal space. Front. Psychol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00472"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephen, D.G., and Dixon, J.A. (2008). The self-organization of insight: Entropy and power laws in problem solving. J. Probl. Solv., 2.","DOI":"10.7771\/1932-6246.1043"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.53.0183","article-title":"Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process","volume":"5","author":"Landauer","year":"1961","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Develop."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10872","article-title":"Experimental verification of Landauer\u2019s principle linking information and thermodynamics","volume":"483","author":"Arakelyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014510","article-title":"Dynamics of representational change: Entropy, action, and cognition","volume":"35","author":"Stephen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/21\/4\/365\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:42:55Z","timestamp":1760186575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/21\/4\/365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["e21040365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e21040365","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints201902.0153.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]}}}