{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T09:19:46Z","timestamp":1778318386418,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAFE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAFE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003981","name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIMADOU-Science"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIMADOU-Science"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008034","name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LAIC- U & ECHO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LAIC- U & ECHO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Earthquakes are the most energetic phenomena in the lithosphere: their study and comprehension are greatly worth doing because of the obvious importance for society. Geosystemics intends to study the Earth system as a whole, looking at the possible couplings among the different geo-layers, i.e., from the earth\u2019s interior to the above atmosphere. It uses specific universal tools to integrate different methods that can be applied to multi-parameter data, often taken on different platforms (e.g., ground, marine or satellite observations). Its main objective is to understand the particular phenomenon of interest from a holistic point of view. Central is the use of entropy, together with other physical quantities that will be introduced case by case. In this paper, we will deal with earthquakes, as final part of a long-term chain of processes involving, not only the interaction between different components of the Earth\u2019s interior but also the coupling of the solid earth with the above neutral or ionized atmosphere, and finally culminating with the main rupture along the fault of concern. Particular emphasis will be given to some Italian seismic sequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21040412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T11:58:21Z","timestamp":1555588701000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Geosystemics View of Earthquakes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3941-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"De Santis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"INGEO Department, Universit\u00e0 G. D\u2019Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Abbattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, 70132 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lucilla","family":"Alfonsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Amoruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, 70132 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saioa A.","family":"Campuzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, 70132 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Cesaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Cianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgiana","family":"De Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"De Santis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Di Giovambattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5457-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dedalo","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INGEO Department, Universit\u00e0 G. D\u2019Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Piscini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mario Luigi","family":"Rainone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INGEO Department, Universit\u00e0 G. D\u2019Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7039-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Soldani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Spogli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia \u2013 Sez. Roma 2, 00143 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"SpacEarth Technology, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetek Italia srl, via Massaua 12, 70132 Bari, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nott, J. (2006). 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