{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:38:27Z","timestamp":1760240307165,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]],"date-time":"2019-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF UBM-IRBM; the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (No. FP\/2014- 2020)","award":["DMS 0926702; ERC Grant Agreement No. 739964 (COPMAT)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS 0926702; ERC Grant Agreement No. 739964 (COPMAT)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Motility behavior of an engineered chemosensory particle (ECP) in fluidic environments is driven by its responses to chemical stimuli. One of the challenges to understanding such behaviors lies in tracking changes in chemical signal gradients of chemoattractants and ECP-fluid dynamics as the fluid is continuously disturbed by ECP motion. To address this challenge, we introduce a new multiscale numerical model to simulate chemotactic swimming of an ECP in confined fluidic environments by accounting for motility-induced disturbances in spatiotemporal chemoattractant distributions. The model accommodates advective-diffusive transport of unmixed chemoattractants, ECP-fluid hydrodynamics at the ECP-fluid interface, and spatiotemporal disturbances in the chemoattractant concentrations due to particle motion. Demonstrative simulations are presented with an ECP, mimicking Escherichia coli (E. coli) chemotaxis, released into initially quiescent fluids with different source configurations of the chemoattractants N-methyl-L-aspartate and L-serine. Simulations demonstrate that initial distributions and temporal evolution of chemoattractants and their release modes (instantaneous vs. continuous, point source vs. distributed) dictate time histories of chemotactic motility of an ECP. Chemotactic motility is shown to be largely determined by spatiotemporal variation in chemoattractant concentration gradients due to transient disturbances imposed by ECP-fluid hydrodynamics, an observation not captured in previous numerical studies that relied on static chemoattractant concentration fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21050465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T11:00:57Z","timestamp":1557745257000},"page":"465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Advective-Diffusive Transport of Multiple Chemoattractants on Motility of Engineered Chemosensory Particles in Fluidic Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Danielle","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Ba\u015fa\u011fao\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-5166, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoa","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212-7200, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212-7200, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Whitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, San Antonio, TX 78212-7200, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sauro","family":"Succi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience at la Sapienza, vle Regina Margherita, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Applicazioni del Calcolo, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.04.008","article-title":"Pushing bacterial biohybrids to in vivo applications","volume":"35","author":"Stanton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coisb.2017.05.009","article-title":"Advances in bacterial cancer therapies using synthetic biology","volume":"5","author":"Chien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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