{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T11:24:03Z","timestamp":1769513043935,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Space Utilization Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["LSU-JCJS-2017-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSU-JCJS-2017-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A proper operating temperature range and an acceptable temperature uniformity are extremely essential for the efficient and safe operation of the Li-ion battery array, which is an important power source of space stations. The single-phase fluid loop is one of the effective approaches for the thermal management of the battery. Due to the limitation that once the structure of the cold plate (CP) is determined, it is difficult to adjust the cooling ability of different locations of the CP dynamically, this may lead to a large temperature difference of the battery array that is attached to the different locations of the CP. This paper presents a micro-channel CP integrated with a thermoelectric heat pump (THP) in order to achieve the dynamic adjustment of the cooling ability of different locations of the CP. The THP functions to balance the heat transfer within the CP, which transports the heat of the high-temperature region to the low-temperature region by regulating the THP current, where a better temperature uniformity of the CP can be achieved. A lumped-parameter model for the proposed system is established to examine the effects of the thermal load and electric current on the dynamic thermal characteristics. In addition, three different thermal control algorithms (basic PID, fuzzy-PID, and BP-PID) are explored to examine the CP\u2019s temperature uniformity performance by adapting the electric current of the THP. The results demonstrate that the temperature difference of the focused CP can be declined by 1.8 K with the assistance of the THP. The proposed fuzzy-PID controller and BP-PID controller present much better performances than that provided by the basic PID controller in terms of overshoot, response time, and steady state error. Such an innovative arrangement will enhance the CP\u2019s dynamic cooling ability distribution effectively, and thus improve the temperature uniformity and operating reliability of the Li-ion space battery array further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21060578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T11:39:47Z","timestamp":1560166787000},"page":"578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Thermoelectric-Heat-Pump Employed Active Control Strategy for the Dynamic Cooling Ability Distribution of Liquid Cooling System for the Space Station\u2019s Main Power-Cell-Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hui-Juan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center of Thermal and New Energy Technologies, Xingtai Polytechnic College, Xingtai, Hebei 054035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5965-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Ze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center of Thermal and New Energy Technologies, Xingtai Polytechnic College, Xingtai, Hebei 054035, China"},{"name":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electrical Power, Zhengzhou, Henan 450045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jun","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center of Thermal and New Energy Technologies, Xingtai Polytechnic College, Xingtai, Hebei 054035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Jun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Center of Thermal and New Energy Technologies, Xingtai Polytechnic College, Xingtai, Hebei 054035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEC 61960-1 (2019, June 09). 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