{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:43:24Z","timestamp":1760240604339,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]],"date-time":"2019-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of an open system is usually associated with the interaction of the system with an environment. A new method to study the open-type system evolution of a qubit (two-level atom) state is established. This evolution is determined by a unitary transformation applied to the qutrit (three-level atom) state, which defines the qubit subsystems. This procedure can be used to obtain different qubit quantum channels employing unitary transformations into the qutrit system. In particular, we study the phase damping and spontaneous-emission quantum channels. In addition, we mention a proposal for quasiunitary transforms of qubits, in view of the unitary transform of the total qutrit system. The experimental realization is also addressed. The probability representation of the evolution and its information-entropic characteristics are considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21080736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T03:06:58Z","timestamp":1564369618000},"page":"736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A New Mechanism of Open System Evolution and Its Entropy Using Unitary Transformations in Noncomposite Qudit Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5489-698X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio A.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Sald\u00edvar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow 141700, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2514-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavio","family":"Casta\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Apdo. Postal 70-543, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Margarita A.","family":"Man\u2019ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia"}]},{"given":"Vladimir I.","family":"Man\u2019ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow 141700, Russia"},{"name":"Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss, U. (1993). 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