{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T19:05:43Z","timestamp":1771959943090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The analysis of resting-state brain activity recording in magnetoencephalograms (MEGs) with new algorithms of symbolic dynamics analysis could help obtain a deeper insight into the functioning of the brain and identify potential differences between males and females. Permutation Lempel-Ziv complexity (PLZC), a recently introduced non-linear signal processing algorithm based on symbolic dynamics, was used to evaluate the complexity of MEG signals in source space. PLZC was estimated in a broad band of frequencies (2\u201345 Hz), as well as in narrow bands (i.e., theta (4\u20138 Hz), alpha (8\u201312 Hz), low beta (12\u201320 Hz), high beta (20\u201330 Hz), and gamma (30\u201345 Hz)) in a sample of 98 healthy elderly subjects (49 males, 49 female) aged 65\u201380 (average age of 72.71 \u00b1 4.22 for males and 72.67 \u00b1 4.21 for females). PLZC was significantly higher for females than males in the high beta band at posterior brain regions including the precuneus, and the parietal and occipital cortices. Further statistical analyses showed that higher complexity values over highly overlapping regions than the ones mentioned above were associated with larger hippocampal volumes only in females. These results suggest that sex differences in healthy aging can be identified from the analysis of magnetoencephalograms with novel signal processing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21080798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T11:11:00Z","timestamp":1565867460000},"page":"798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sex Differences in the Complexity of Healthy Older Adults\u2019 Magnetoencephalograms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0351-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Shumbayawonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4268-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Ab\u00e1solo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"given":"David","family":"L\u00f3pez-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Computacional, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid\u2014Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UPM-UCM), 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Bru\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Computacional, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid\u2014Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UPM-UCM), 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Maestu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Computacional, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid\u2014Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UPM-UCM), 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Computacional, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid\u2014Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UPM-UCM), 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatr\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15475","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15475","article-title":"Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits","volume":"8","author":"Karp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700644016","article-title":"Male prevalence for reading disability is found in a large sample of Black and White children free from ascertainment bias","volume":"6","author":"Flannery","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.6.565","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Risk of Schizophrenia","volume":"60","author":"Aleman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"550","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Brain, Behavior, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders","volume":"16","author":"Bao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.02.124","article-title":"Depression in Asian\u2013American and Caucasian undergraduate students","volume":"125","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.07.001","article-title":"Gender and geographic differences in the prevalence of intellectual disability in children: Analysis of data from the national disability registry of Taiwan","volume":"33","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00067-3","article-title":"Sex differences in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias","volume":"15","author":"Mazure","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Kolb, B., and Whishaw, I.Q. (2008). Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, Worth Publishers. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.2.322","article-title":"Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings","volume":"81","author":"Costa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.8.4.291","article-title":"Sex Differences in Aggression in Real-World Settings: A Meta-Analytic Review","volume":"8","author":"Archer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.94.1.168","article-title":"Why can\u2019t a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures","volume":"94","author":"Schmitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.004","article-title":"A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure","volume":"39","author":"Ruigrok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911855107","article-title":"Toward discovery science of human brain function","volume":"107","author":"Biswal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.10.007","article-title":"Long-range temporal correlations in electroencephalographic oscillations: Relation to topography, frequency band, age and gender","volume":"130","author":"Nikulin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.03.016","article-title":"Hand cortical representation at rest and during activation: Gender and age effects in the two hemispheres","volume":"117","author":"Zappasodi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.10.019","article-title":"EEG background activity described by a large computerized database","volume":"115","author":"Aurlien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.05.004","article-title":"Age and gender effects in EEG coherence: I. Developmental trends in normal children","volume":"115","author":"Barry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2302(200001)36:1<9::AID-DEV2>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Complexity of electrocortical dynamics in children: Developmental aspects","volume":"36","author":"Anokhin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450590520911x","article-title":"Complexity analysis of dense array EEG signal reveals sex difference","volume":"115","author":"Pravitha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.020","article-title":"Resting brain activity: Differences between genders","volume":"48","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.12.043","article-title":"Brain activity of women is more fractal than men","volume":"535","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.04.025","article-title":"Brain oscillatory complexity across the life span","volume":"123","author":"Zuluaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1109\/10.966601","article-title":"EEG complexity as a measure of depth of anesthesia for patients","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.174102","article-title":"Permutation Entropy: A Natural Complexity Measure for Time Series","volume":"88","author":"Bandt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2015.04.002","article-title":"A permutation Lempel-Ziv complexity measure for EEG analysis","volume":"19","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/7\/008","article-title":"Spatiotemporal signal space separation method for rejecting nearby interference in MEG measurements","volume":"51","author":"Taulu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: Open Source Software for Advanced Analysis of MEG, EEG, and Invasive Electrophysiological Data","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00e9s, P., L\u00f3pez-Sanz, D., Maest\u00fa, F., and Pereda, E. (2017). Choice of Magnetometers and Gradiometers after Signal Space Separation. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122926"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: Automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain","volume":"33","author":"Fischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70178-3","article-title":"Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria","volume":"6","author":"Dubois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/22\/002","article-title":"The magnetic lead field theorem in the quasi-static approximation and its use for magnetoencephalography forward calculation in realistic volume conductors","volume":"48","author":"Nolte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1109\/10.623056","article-title":"Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering","volume":"44","author":"Yuchtman","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.038","article-title":"The impact of MEG source reconstruction method on source-space connectivity estimation: A comparison between minimum-norm solution and beamforming","volume":"156","author":"Kujala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.883825","article-title":"Analysis of Biomedical Signals by the Lempel-Ziv Complexity: The Effect of Finite Data Size","volume":"53","author":"Hu","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055501","article-title":"On the Complexity of Finite Sequences","volume":"22","author":"Lempel","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.07.075","article-title":"Information Sharing in the Brain Indexes Consciousness in Noncommunicative Patients","volume":"23","author":"King","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.3390\/e16126212","article-title":"Ordinal Patterns, Entropy, and EEG","volume":"16","author":"Keller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shumbayawonda, E., Tosun, P., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Hughes, M., and Ab\u00e1solo, D. (2018). Complexity Changes in Brain Activity in Healthy Ageing: A Permutation Lempel-Ziv Complexity Study of Magnetoencephalograms. Entropy, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/e20070506"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data","volume":"164","author":"Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.2.169","article-title":"Sex Differences in Brain Aging: A Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","volume":"55","author":"Coffey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi044","article-title":"Regional Brain Changes in Aging Healthy Adults: General Trends, Individual Differences and Modifiers","volume":"15","author":"Raz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.018","article-title":"Age and gender effects on human brain anatomy: A voxel-based morphometric study in healthy elderly","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shumbayawonda, E., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Hughes, M., and Ab\u00e1solo, D. (2017). Permutation Entropy for the Characterisation of Brain Activity Recorded with Magnetoencephalograms in Healthy Ageing. Entropy, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/e19040141"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2010.6.4.196","article-title":"Measurement of Precuneal and Hippocampal Volumes Using Magnetic Resonance Volumetry in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"6","author":"Ryu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000289222","article-title":"Early Detection of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease with PET Imaging","volume":"7","author":"Berti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-007-0269-2","article-title":"Precuneus atrophy in early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A morphometric structural MRI study","volume":"49","author":"Karas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4227-13.2014","article-title":"Precuneus Is a Functional Core of the Default-Mode Network","volume":"34","author":"Utevsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy109","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Adult Human Brain: Evidence from 5216 UK Biobank Participants","volume":"28","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.079","article-title":"The correlation between white-matter microstructure and the complexity of spontaneous brain activity: A difussion tensor imaging-MEG study","volume":"57","author":"Hornero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-013-0273-3","article-title":"Age- and Sex-Related Variations in the Brain White Matter Fractal Dimension Throughout Adulthood: An MRI Study","volume":"25","author":"Farahibozorg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.07.008","article-title":"Organization, development and function of complex brain networks","volume":"8","author":"Sporns","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sporns, O., Tononi, G., and K\u00f6tter, R. (2005). The human connectome: A structural description of the human brain. PLoS Comput. Biol., 1.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010042"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00378","article-title":"Decreased Complexity in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Resting-State fMRI Evidence of Brain Entropy Mapping","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht125","article-title":"Impact of Sex and Gonadal Steroids on Neonatal Brain Structure","volume":"24","author":"Knickmeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.12.002","article-title":"Loss of entorhinal cortex and hippocampal volumes compared to whole brain volume in normal aging: The SMART-Medea study","volume":"203","author":"Knoops","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.050","article-title":"The human hippocampus is not sexually-dimorphic: Meta-analysis of structural MRI volumes","volume":"124","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.077818","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E \u03b54 and impaired episodic memory in community-dwelling elderly people: A marked sex difference. The Hordaland Health Study","volume":"77","author":"Lehmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03209457","article-title":"Is age kinder to females than to males?","volume":"5","author":"Meinz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"P245","article-title":"Stability of Sex Differences in Cognition in Advanced Old Age: The Role of Education and Attrition","volume":"61","author":"Gerstorf","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090237","article-title":"The effect of age and sex on clustering and switching during speeded verbal fluency tasks","volume":"15","author":"Lanting","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012838","article-title":"Gender and education impact on brain aging: A general cognitive factor approach","volume":"23","author":"Amieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000199613.38911.b2","article-title":"The Lifetime Risk of Stroke: Estimates from the Framingham Study","volume":"37","author":"Seshadri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/21\/8\/798\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:11:22Z","timestamp":1760188282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/21\/8\/798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["e21080798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e21080798","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]}}}