{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T08:17:13Z","timestamp":1773735433976,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National key research and development program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFA0302600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFA0302600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61332019, 61971276, 61631014, 61671287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61332019, 61971276, 61631014, 61671287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) systems, high-quality data synchronization between two legitimate parties, Alice and Bob, is the premise of the generation of shared secret keys. Synchronization with specially designed frames is an efficient way, but it requires special modulating devices to generate these special frames. Moreover, the extra requirement of special modulating devices makes it technically impossible for some passive preparation schemes. We propose a novel approach to realize synchronization in this paper, which is different from those special-frame-based methods. In our proposed scheme, Alice publishes parts of the original signals as the synchronization frames and Bob takes these frames to perform the synchronization algorithm. Besides, a synchronization feature is applied to deal with phase shifts. The simulation results based on practical data demonstrate that the proposed synchronization scheme not only maintains a high success rate but simplifies the data processing flow at the same time, which dramatically reduces the computational complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e21121146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1574651400000},"page":"1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Robust Frame Synchronization Scheme for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Simple Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Center for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Center for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Dengwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Center for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Information, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, China"}]},{"given":"Guihua","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Center for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2014.05.025","article-title":"Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing","volume":"560","author":"Bennett","year":"1984","journal-title":"Theor. 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