{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T01:21:16Z","timestamp":1772500876126,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFB1002504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB1002504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Science and Technology Bureau","award":["201805060ZD11CG44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201805060ZD11CG44"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Superpixel clustering is one of the most popular computer vision techniques that aggregates coherent pixels into perceptually meaningful groups, taking inspiration from Gestalt grouping rules. However, due to brain complexity, the underlying mechanisms of such perceptual rules are unclear. Thus, conventional superpixel methods do not completely follow them and merely generate a flat image partition rather than hierarchical ones like a human does. In addition, those methods need to initialize the total number of superpixels, which may not suit diverse images. In this paper, we first propose context-aware superpixel (CASP) that follows both Gestalt grouping rules and the top-down hierarchical principle. Thus, CASP enables to adapt the total number of superpixels to specific images automatically. Next, we propose bilateral entropy, with two aspects conditional intensity entropy and spatial occupation entropy, to evaluate the encoding efficiency of image coherence. Extensive experiments demonstrate CASP achieves better superpixel segmentation performance and less entropy than baseline methods. More than that, using Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient, a collection of data with a total of 120 samples demonstrates a strong correlation between local image coherence and superpixel segmentation performance. Our results inversely support the reliability of above-mentioned perceptual rules, and eventually, we suggest designing novel entropy criteria to test the encoding efficiency of more complex patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T04:23:01Z","timestamp":1577074981000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Context-Aware Superpixel and Bilateral Entropy\u2014Image Coherence Induces Less Entropy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5199-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feihong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3580-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4556-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0706-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710027, China"},{"name":"State-Province Joint Engineering and Research Center of Advanced Networking and Intelligent Information Services, School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868688","article-title":"Normalized cuts and image segmentation","volume":"22","author":"Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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