{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:53:37Z","timestamp":1760241217386,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we used a combined stochastic process and value-at-risk (VaR) method to examine an electronic commerce expansion decision. By modeling uncertain benefits as a stochastic process, maximum losses of alternative decisions were quantified and compared to help managers to make information system\/information technology (IS\/IT) project decisions. Our results, based on the maximum loss perspective, demonstrated that uncertainty plays a critical role in evaluating IS\/IT projects. More importantly, the results illustrate that VaR serves as a useful tool in decision-making for managers to quantify the value of maximum possible loss and to help them reach decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Stochastic Process and Value at Risk: A Real-World Information System Decision Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Liang-Chuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology Management, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Liang-Hong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}]},{"given":"Fan-Yun","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50007, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Justifying IT Investment: Extension of a Model using a Case Study from Jordan","volume":"12","author":"Hammouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orient. 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