{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:18:57Z","timestamp":1792801137669,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land speculation that occurs on the urban border can be very problematic to the healthy development of cities\u2014critical to economic growth. Speculative land investors, concerned with profits from trading in landed property, can especially affect developing countries where regulation is often poorly controlled and overly bureaucratic. An investigation into the factors motivating land speculators operating in the urban fringe of the city of Shashemene, Ethiopia is examined. The paper, in addition to contributing to the literature, is the second-known attempt and extension of the authors\u2019 pilot research to study the behavior of land speculators in the urban fringe of a growing Ethiopian city. A theoretical framework and conceptual breakdown are put together with historical reference to early land speculation examples. Two questionnaires were separately administered with a representative random sample of 159 members from the local land developer association (i.e., investors) and 24 senior officials from the study area. A principal component analysis categorized the most significant dynamics in controlling land speculation procurements. Results indicated motivational reasoning as the prime cause for speculative activities. Evidence indicated that land speculation is a critical dynamic for self-worth especially with business-oriented persons. Entropy, the disorder of the communicative data, suggests a possible rethinking of the way government should intervene in the urban property market. As such, developmental smart cities in Ethiopia must thoroughly consider the dynamisms of speculative activities and its effects on local housing as it moves forward\u2013in the 2020s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22010059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T07:40:55Z","timestamp":1577778055000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["What Motivates Speculators to Speculate?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bedane S.","family":"Gemeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development, Addis Ababa University, 120 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birhanu G.","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development, Addis Ababa University, 120 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9298-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Paczoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0859-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0810-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe T.","family":"Cirella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhancing Land Acquisition for Individual Housing Development in Nigeria: A Case Study of Benin Metropolis Edo State, Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Dimuna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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