{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:22:56Z","timestamp":1788992576722,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous literature has demonstrated that hypoglycemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are associated with measurable scalp electroencephalography (EEG) changes in power spectral density. In the present study, we used a dataset of 19-channel scalp EEG recordings in 34 patients with T1D who underwent a hyperinsulinemic\u2013hypoglycemic clamp study. We found that hypoglycemic events are also characterized by EEG complexity changes that are quantifiable at the single-channel level through empirical conditional and permutation entropy and fractal dimension indices, i.e., the Higuchi index, residuals, and tortuosity. Moreover, we demonstrated that the EEG complexity indices computed in parallel in more than one channel can be used as the input for a neural network aimed at identifying hypoglycemia and euglycemia. The accuracy was about 90%, suggesting that nonlinear indices applied to EEG signals might be useful in revealing hypoglycemic events from EEG recordings in patients with T1D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22010081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1578629211000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Detection of Hypoglycemia Using Measures of EEG Complexity in Type 1 Diabetes Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0744-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Rubega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Teodori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Sejling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, 3400 Hiller\u00f8d, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian S.","family":"Frandsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, 3400 Hiller\u00f8d, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, 3400 Hiller\u00f8d, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-1393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sparacino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2005). 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