{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:41:42Z","timestamp":1790106102770,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61473300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61473300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017JJ3371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017JJ3371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deceptive path-planning is the task of finding a path so as to minimize the probability of an observer (or a defender) identifying the observed agent\u2019s final goal before the goal has been reached. It is one of the important approaches to solving real-world challenges, such as public security, strategic transportation, and logistics. Existing methods either cannot make full use of the entire environments\u2019 information, or lack enough flexibility for balancing the path\u2019s deceptivity and available moving resource. In this work, building on recent developments in probabilistic goal recognition, we formalized a single real goal magnitude-based deceptive path-planning problem followed by a mixed-integer programming based deceptive path maximization and generation method. The model helps to establish a computable foundation for any further imposition of different deception concepts or strategies, and broadens its applicability in many scenarios. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of our methods in deceptive path-planning compared to the existing one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22010088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T04:05:51Z","timestamp":1578888351000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Single Real Goal, Magnitude-Based Deceptive Path-Planning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanjun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Geib, C.W., and Goldman, R.P. 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