{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T07:48:33Z","timestamp":1781768913989,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.201506560015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.201506560015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Driving safety in tunnels has always been an issue of great concern. Establishing delineators to improve drivers\u2019 instantaneous cognition of the surrounding environment in tunnels can effectively enhance driver safety. Through a simulation study, this paper explored how delineators affect drivers\u2019 gaze behavior (including fixation and scanpath) in tunnels. In addition to analyzing typical parameters, such as fixation position and fixation duration in areas of interest (AOIs), by modeling drivers\u2019 switching process as Markov chains and calculating Shannon\u2019s entropy of the fit Markov model, this paper quantified the complexity of individual switching patterns between AOIs under different delineator configurations and with different road alignments. A total of 25 subjects participated in this research. The results show that setting delineators in tunnels can attract drivers\u2019 attention and make them focus on the pavement. When driving in tunnels equipped with delineators, especially tunnels with both wall delineators and pavement delineators, the participants exhibited a smaller transition entropy     H t     and stationary entropy     H s    , which can greatly reduce drivers\u2019 visual fatigue. Compared with left curve and right curve, participants obtained higher     H t     and     H s     values in the straight section.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22010113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T07:39:02Z","timestamp":1579246742000},"page":"113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Entropy-Based Effect Evaluation of Delineators in Tunnels on Drivers\u2019 Gaze Behavior"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3259-1269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueyan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Technology Building, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Technology Building, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaowei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transportation Technology Building, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Branch of China Airport Construction Group Corporation, Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2016.1193170","article-title":"Influence of light zones on drivers\u2019 visual fixation characteristics and traffic safety in extra-long tunnels","volume":"18","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. 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