{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T21:26:04Z","timestamp":1775510764142,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPIIT-RN2163188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT-RN2163188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Linear heart rate variability (HRV) indices are dependent on the mean heart rate, which has been demonstrated in different models (from sinoatrial cells to humans). The association between nonlinear HRV indices, including those provided by recurrence plot quantitative analysis (RQA), and the mean heart rate (or the mean cardiac period, also called meanNN) has been scarcely studied. For this purpose, we analyzed RQA indices of five minute-long HRV time series obtained in the supine position and during active standing from 30 healthy subjects and 29 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (before and after hemodialysis). In the supine position, ESRD patients showed shorter meanNN (i.e., faster heart rate) and decreased variability compared to healthy subjects. The healthy subjects responded to active standing by shortening the meanNN and decreasing HRV indices to reach similar values of ESRD patients. Bivariate correlations between all RQA indices and meanNN were significant in healthy subjects and ESRD after hemodialysis and for most RQA indices in ESRD patients before hemodialysis. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that RQA indices were also dependent on the position and the ESRD condition. Then, future studies should consider the association among RQA indices, meanNN, and these other factors for a correct interpretation of HRV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22010114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T04:27:09Z","timestamp":1579494429000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association between Mean Heart Rate and Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in End-Stage Renal Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8187-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gertrudis Hortensia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Echeverr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"P\u00e9rez-Grovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4679-7751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Lerma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electromechanical Instrumentation, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005101085","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Tonelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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