{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:06:41Z","timestamp":1768295201205,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003443","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3.9586.2017\/8.9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.9586.2017\/8.9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the structural characteristics of a W-Ta-Mo-Nb-V-Cr-Zr-Ti non-equiatomic refractory metal alloy obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of a high-energy ball-milled powder mixture are reported. High-energy ball milling resulted in the formation of particle agglomerates ranging from several tens to several hundreds of micrometers. These agglomerates were composed of micrometer and submicrometer particles. It was found that, during ball milling, a solid solution of A2 structure formed. The grains of the sintered material ranged from fractions of a micrometer to several micrometers. During SPS, the phase transformations in the alloy led to the formation of a Laves phase of C15 structure and ZrO and ZrO2 nanoparticles. The microhardness of the ball-milled alloy and sintered material was found to be 9.28 GPa \u00b1 1.31 GPa and 8.95 GPa \u00b1 0.42 GPa, respectively. The influence of the processing conditions on the structure, phase composition, and microhardness of the alloy is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22020143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T11:01:00Z","timestamp":1579863660000},"page":"143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Structure and Phase Composition of a W-Ta-Mo-Nb-V-Cr-Zr-Ti Alloy Obtained by Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ivan A.","family":"Ditenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Metal Physics, Faculty of Physics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9959-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan V.","family":"Smirnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Metal Physics, Faculty of Physics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michail A.","family":"Korchagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin V.","family":"Grinyaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Metal Physics, Faculty of Physics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladlen V.","family":"Melnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metal Physics, Faculty of Physics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuriy P.","family":"Pinzhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Metal Physics, Faculty of Physics, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Gavrilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4845-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksim A.","family":"Esikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vyacheslav I.","family":"Mali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0010-4638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina V.","family":"Dudina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6529","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7529","article-title":"Accelerated exploration of multi-principal element alloys with solid solution phases","volume":"6","author":"Senkov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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