{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T23:56:42Z","timestamp":1769385402457,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,28]],"date-time":"2020-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015388","name":"Kansas NSF EPSCoR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1541079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1541079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF1910005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF1910005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the formation of carbide with the concertation of carbon at 0.1 at.% in refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) Mo15Nb20Re15Ta30W20 was studied under both ambient and high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The x-ray diffraction of dilute carbon (C)-doped RHEA under ambient pressure showed that the phases and lattice constant of RHEA were not influenced by the addition of 0.1 at.% C. In contrast, C-doped RHEA showed unexpected phase formation and transformation under combined high-pressure and high-temperature conditions by resistively employing the heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique. The new FCC_L12 phase appeared at 6 GPa and 809 \u00b0C and preserved the ambient temperature and pressure. High-pressure and high-temperature promoted the formation of carbides Ta3C and Nb3C, which are stable and may further improve the mechanical performance of the dilute C-doped alloy Mo15Nb20Re15Ta30W20.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22070718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T03:40:07Z","timestamp":1593402007000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Carbide Formation in Refractory Mo15Nb20Re15Ta30W20 Alloy under a Combined High-Pressure and High-Temperature Condition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Congyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Southern University and A&amp;M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uttam","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Southern University and A&amp;M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congyuan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3673-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengmin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5332-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shizhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Southern University and A&amp;M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2016.08.081","article-title":"A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts","volume":"122","author":"Miracle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2015.11.026","article-title":"High-entropy alloy: Challenges and prospects","volume":"19","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. 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