{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:23:00Z","timestamp":1787930580593,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["300102318205; 310831161020; 310831163401; 300102319304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300102318205; 310831161020; 310831163401; 300102319304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A CoCrCuFeNiTi0.8 high-entropy alloy was prepared using directional solidification techniques at different withdrawal rates (50 \u03bcm\/s, 100 \u03bcm\/s, 500 \u03bcm\/s). The results showed that the microstructure was dendritic at all withdrawal rates. As the withdrawal rate increased, the dendrite orientation become uniform. Additionally, the accumulation of Cr and Ti elements at the solid\/liquid interface caused the formation of dendrites. Through the measurement of the primary dendrite spacing (\u03bb1) and the secondary dendrite spacing (\u03bb2), it was concluded that the dendrite structure was obviously refined with the increase in the withdrawal rate to 500 \u03bcm\/s. The maximum compressive strength reached 1449.8 MPa, and the maximum hardness was 520 HV. Moreover, the plastic strain of the alloy without directional solidification was 2.11%, while the plastic strain of directional solidification was 12.57% at 500 \u03bcm\/s. It has been proved that directional solidification technology can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the CoCrCuFeNiTi0.8 high-entropy alloy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22070786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T06:08:17Z","timestamp":1595225297000},"page":"786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of FeCoCrNiCuTi0.8 High-Entropy Alloy Prepared by Directional Solidification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yiku","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Material Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Material Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Material Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongnan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Material Science and Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNPC Tubular Goods Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2003.10.257","article-title":"Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys","volume":"375\u2013377","author":"Cantor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.200300567","article-title":"Nanostructured High-Entropy Alloys with Multiple Principal Elements: Novel Alloy Design Concepts and Outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Yeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"227","article-title":"Recent Progress in High-Entropy Alloys","volume":"631\u2013632","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-012-0366-5","article-title":"Alloy Design and Properties Optimization of High-Entropy Alloys","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2009.10.088","article-title":"Effect of temperature on mechanical properties of Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi wrought alloy","volume":"490","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2011.06.041","article-title":"Microstructure and wear behavior of AlxCo1.5CrFeNi1.5Tiy high-entropy alloys","volume":"59","author":"Chuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2005.12.008","article-title":"Adhesive wear behavior of AlxCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys as a function of aluminum content","volume":"261","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2011.10.110","article-title":"Effect of Nb addition on the microstructure and properties of AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy","volume":"532","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2010.04.004","article-title":"The effect of molybdenum on the corrosion behaviour of the high-entropy alloys Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5Mox in aqueous environments","volume":"52","author":"Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41524-020-0321-x","article-title":"Fundamental electronic structure and multiatomic bonding in 13 biocompatible high-entropy alloys","volume":"6","author":"Ching","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Comput. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2013.10.001","article-title":"Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2020.166513","article-title":"A novel ultrafine-grained high entropy alloy with excellent combination of mechanical and soft magnetic properties","volume":"502","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2019.01.096","article-title":"A novel FeCoNiCr0.2Si0.2 high entropy alloy with an excellent balance of mechanical and soft magnetic properties","volume":"478","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2016.08.008","article-title":"Phase separation of metastable CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy at intermediate temperatures","volume":"126","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scr Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2013.09.037","article-title":"Effects of Al addition on structural evolution and tensile properties of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy system","volume":"62","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06200","article-title":"A Promising New Class of High-Temperature Alloys: Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2017.09.010","article-title":"Microstructural stability and mechanical properties of equiatomic CoCrCuFeNi, CrCuFeMnNi, CoCrCuFeMn alloys","volume":"210","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/02670836.2020.1722912","article-title":"Phase evolution in mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering of AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEAs","volume":"36","author":"Ziaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Technol.-Lond."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2019.108837","article-title":"Effect of Al content on high temperature oxidation resistance of AlxCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloys (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2)","volume":"169","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2006.08.005","article-title":"Novel microstructure and properties of multicomponent CoCrCuFeNiTix alloys","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2010.12.022","article-title":"The microstructure and strengthening mechanism of thermal spray coating NixCo0.6Fe0.2CrySizAlTi0.2 high-entropy alloys","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s11666-011-9626-0","article-title":"Effects of Annealing on the Microstructure and Properties of 6FeNiCoCrAlTiSi High-Entropy Alloy Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Therm. Spray. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.06.179","article-title":"Amorphization of equimolar alloys with HCP elements during mechanical alloying","volume":"506","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2017.05.001","article-title":"On the evolution of cast microstructures during processing of single crystal Ni-base superalloys using a Bridgman seed technique","volume":"128","author":"Hallensleben","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2011.10.018","article-title":"Effect of withdrawal rate on the microstructure of directionally solidified NiAl\u2013Cr(Mo) hypereutectic alloy","volume":"22","author":"Shang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2012.10.011","article-title":"Microstructure and room-temperature fracture toughness of directionally solidified Nb\u2013Si\u2013Ti\u2013Cr\u2013Al\u2013Hf alloy","volume":"560","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1179\/026708300101508117","article-title":"Directional solidification of Ni base superalloy IN738LC to improve creep properties","volume":"16","author":"Kermanpur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Technol.-Lond."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s11661-013-2097-9","article-title":"On the Solidification and Phase Stability of a Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Ti High-Entropy Alloy","volume":"45","author":"Yeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metall. Mater. Trans. A"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2017.11.019","article-title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al0.7CoCrFeNi high-entropy-alloy prepared by directional solidification","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6160(81)90111-5","article-title":"Measurements of cell and primary dendrite arm spacings in directionally solidified aluminium alloys","volume":"29","author":"McCartney","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Metall."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6964","article-title":"Deviation from high-entropy configurations in the atomic distributions of a multi-principal-element alloy","volume":"6","author":"Santodonato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2019.106681","article-title":"Microstructures and room temperature tensile properties of as-cast and directionally solidified AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.10.288","article-title":"Relationship between spacing of eutectic colonies and tensile properties of transient directionally solidified Al-Ni eutectic alloy","volume":"733","author":"Kakitani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0865a8","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab2148","article-title":"Primary Spacing Selection and Phase Transformation in Directional Solidified Cu-21%Ce Alloy","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/22\/7\/786\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:49:43Z","timestamp":1760176183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/22\/7\/786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["e22070786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e22070786","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]]}}}