{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T01:35:29Z","timestamp":1776044129397,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The \u201cmagic\u201d word complexity evokes a multitude of meanings that obscure its real sense. Here we try and generate a bottom-up reconstruction of the deep sense of complexity by looking at the convergence of different features shared by complex systems. We specifically focus on complexity in biology but stressing the similarities with analogous features encountered in inanimate and artefactual systems in order to track an integrative path toward a new \u201cmainstream\u201d of science overcoming the actual fragmentation of scientific culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22080885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T02:58:02Z","timestamp":1597287482000},"page":"885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Complexity in Biological Organization: Deconstruction (and Subsequent Restating) of Key Concepts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0408-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Bizzarri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, via Scarpa 16, 00160 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Via Scarpa 16, SBGLab Group, University Sapienza, 00160 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Naimark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Perm 614013, Russia"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Nieto-Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical-Physics, A. Alzola Group of Thermodynamics of Complex Systems of M.V. Lomonosov Chair, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, via Scarpa 16, 00160 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Via Scarpa 16, SBGLab Group, University Sapienza, 00160 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4640-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069492","article-title":"Systems biology: A brief overview","volume":"295","author":"Kitano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2011.10.007","article-title":"Scientific perspectivism: A philosopher of science\u2019s response to the challenge of big data biology","volume":"43","author":"Callebaut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2016.06.005","article-title":"Why do we need theories?","volume":"122","author":"Longo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2020, August 10). Online Etymology Dictionary. Available online: https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/word\/complex."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Prigogine, I., and Stengers, I. (1984). Order out of Chaos: Man\u2019s New Dialogue with Nature, Flamingo Books."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Driesc, H. (1899). Die Lokalisation Morphogenetischer Vorg\u00e4nge: Ein Beweis Vitalistischen Geschehens, W. Roux Arch. Entw-Mech.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02153032"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"536","article-title":"Science and Complexity","volume":"36","author":"Weaver","year":"1948","journal-title":"AMSCI"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.32","article-title":"The middle way","volume":"97","author":"Laughlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2020, August 10). Online Etymology Dictionary. Available online: https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/word\/system."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/76317","article-title":"The organization becomes cause in the matter","volume":"18","author":"Strohman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Waddington, C.H. (1957). The Strategy of the Genes, George Allen & Unwin."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Aristotle, R.H. (1966). Aristotle: Metaphysics, University of Michigan Press. Book 8."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Scott, C.T. On G. H. Lewes\u2019s Problems of Life and Mind, 1874\u20131879. BRANCH: Britain, Representation and Nineteenth-Century History, Dino Franco Felluga."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luisi, P.L. (2006). The Emergence of Life: From Chemical Origins to Synthetic Biology, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511817540"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11467-015-0502-0","article-title":"Superconductivity and superfluidity as universal emergent phenomena","volume":"10","author":"Guidry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4047.393","article-title":"More Is Different","volume":"177","author":"Anderson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008216127933","article-title":"Explaining emergence-towards an ontology of levels","volume":"28","author":"Emmeche","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gen. Philos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Honderich, B. (1995). Laws, Natural or Scientific, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"583","article-title":"The Renormalization Group and Critical Phenomena","volume":"47","author":"Kenneth","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1086\/663240","article-title":"Emergent Physics and Micro-Ontology","volume":"79","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Laughlin, R.A. (2005). Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down, Basic Books."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00232","article-title":"From bottom-up approaches to levels of organization and extended critical transitions","volume":"3","author":"Longo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longo, G., and Montevil, M. (2013). Perspectives on Organisms: Biological Time, Symmetries and Singularities, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35938-5"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.175331","article-title":"Mechanical control of tissue morphogenesis","volume":"103","author":"Patwari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.7.1707019","article-title":"Function follows form: Generation of intracellular signals by cell deformation","volume":"5","author":"Watson","year":"1991","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2014.07.002","article-title":"Dynamic multiprotein assemblies shape the spatial structure of cell signaling","volume":"116","author":"Nussinov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.92","article-title":"Complexity in biological signaling systems","volume":"284","author":"Weng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5317.1425","article-title":"Geometric control of cell life and death","volume":"276","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-172-41533","article-title":"Cell shape and phenotypic expression in chondrocytes","volume":"172","author":"Glowacki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11571","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505939102","article-title":"Mechanical control of tissue growth: Function follows form","volume":"102","author":"Ingber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/273345a0","article-title":"Role of cell shape in growth control","volume":"273","author":"Folkman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1021\/cr3002356","article-title":"Protein contact networks: An emerging paradigm in chemistry","volume":"113","author":"Paci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1352","article-title":"Similar network activity from disparate circuit parameters","volume":"7","author":"Prinz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(04)00021-3","article-title":"Robust global sensitivity in multiple enzyme cascade systems explains how the downstream cascade structure may remain unaffected by cross-talk","volume":"558","author":"Mutalik","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8485(01)00072-9","article-title":"Network thermodynamics and complexity: A transition to relational systems theory","volume":"25","author":"Mikulecky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880295","article-title":"The continuing role of morphology in the molecular age","volume":"14","author":"Rosai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2012.01.022","article-title":"Quantitative shape analysis of chemoresistant colon cancer cells: Correlation between morphotype and phenotype","volume":"318","author":"Pasqualato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Cell. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Metabolism and cell shape in cancer: A fractal analysis","volume":"43","author":"Valerio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erenpreisa, J., and Giuliani, A. (2019). Resolution of Complex Issues in Genome Regulation and Cancer Requires Non-Linear and Network-Based Thermodynamics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010240"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Globus, G.G., Maxwell, G., and Savodnik, I. (1976). Reductionism, Levels of Organization, and the Mind-Body Problem. Consciousness and the Brain, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2196-5"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[2225:FITPDS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"From individuals to population densities: Searching for the intermediate scale of nontrivial determinism","volume":"80","author":"Pascual","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0067","article-title":"A Theory of Biological Relativity: No Privileged Level of Causation","volume":"2","author":"Denis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1086\/663237","article-title":"The Limitations of Hierarchical Organization","volume":"79","author":"Potochnik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayala, F.J., and Dobzhansky, T. (1974). \u2018Downward Causation\u2019 in Hierarchically Organised Biological Systems. Studies in the Philosophy of Biology, Palgrave.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-01892-5"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10441-008-9052-y","article-title":"On physicalism and downward causation in developmental and cancer biology","volume":"56","author":"Soto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biotheor."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6hlich, H., and Kremer, F. (1983). Coherent Excitations in Biological Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69186-7"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Scott, A.C. (2007). The Nonlinear Universe: Chaos, Emergence, Life. The Frontiers Collection, Springer."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308265100","article-title":"Detection of multistability, bifurcations, and hysteresis in a large class of biological positive-feedback systems","volume":"101","author":"Angeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3397041","article-title":"The tangled tale of phase space","volume":"63","author":"Nolte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Today"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.200900189","article-title":"Rediscovering Waddington in the post-genomic age","volume":"32","author":"Jamniczky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Thom, R. (1989). Structural Stability and Morphogenesis, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Field, R.J., and Burger, M. (1985). A periodic reaction and its mechanism. Oscillations and Traveling Waves in Chemical Systems, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/308834a0","article-title":"Chaos in the non-stirred Belousov\u2013Zhabotinsky reaction is induced by interaction of waves and stationary dissipative structures","volume":"308","author":"Agladze","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Lorenz, E.N. (1967). The Nature and Theory of the General Circulation of Atmosphere, World Meteorological Organization."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"2547","article-title":"Analysis of a \u2018\u2018phase transition\u2019\u2019 from tumor growth to latency","volume":"62","author":"Delsanto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2004.12.026","article-title":"Prolonged perturbation of the oscillations of hepatoma Fao cell proliferation by a single small dose of methotrexate","volume":"53","author":"Guerroui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2008.12.030","article-title":"Local and global responses in complex gene regulation networks","volume":"388","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4923066","article-title":"Perspective: Sloppiness and emergent theories in physics, biology, and beyond","volume":"143","author":"Transtrum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Bak, P. (2013). How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality, Springer."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuchlinga, F., Fristonb, K., Georgievc, G., and Levinad, M. (2019). Morphogenesis as Bayesian inference: A variational approach to pattern formation and control in complex biological systems. Phys. Life Rev.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2019.06.001"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mojtahedi, M., Skupin, A., Zhou, J., Casta\u00f1o, I.G., Leong-Quong, R.Y.Y., Chang, H., Trachana, K., Giuliani, A., and Huang, S. (2016). Cell fate decision as high-dimensional critical state transition. PLoS Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/041541"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-142x.2001.003002084.x","article-title":"Phenotypic and dynamical transitions in model genetic networks I. emergence of patterns and genotypephenotype relationships","volume":"3","author":"Newman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Evol. Dev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2509","article-title":"Stochastic modelling for quantitative description of heterogeneous biological systems","volume":"10","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900108","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201900108","article-title":"Constraints Shape Cell Function and Morphology by Canalizing the Developmental Path along the Waddington\u2019s Landscape","volume":"42","author":"Bizzarri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10699-012-9304-9","article-title":"On the Import of Constraints in Complex Dynamical Systems","volume":"18","author":"Hooker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Found. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2015.02.029","article-title":"Biological organisation as closure of constraints","volume":"372","author":"Mossio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6b00981","article-title":"Like Charges Attract?","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/385230a0","article-title":"Like-charge attractions in metastable colloidal crystallites","volume":"385","author":"Larsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.004","article-title":"Modeling mammary organogenesis from biological first principles: Cells and their physical constraints","volume":"122","author":"Speroni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.2.173-186.2004","article-title":"A new biology for a new century","volume":"68","author":"Woese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capriz, G., and Mariano, P. (2004). Defect Induced Transitions as Mechanisms of Plasticity and Failure in Multifield Continua. Advances in Multifield Theories of Continua with Substructure, Birkh\u00e4user.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-8176-8158-6"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015118","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1854281","article-title":"Studies of thermal conductivity in Fermi\u2013Pasta\u2013Ulam-like lattices","volume":"15","author":"Lepri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chaos Interdiscip. J. Nonlinear Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naimark, O. (2019, January 1\u20135). Mesoscopic cell dynamics in different environment and problem of cancer. Proceedings of the AIP Conference\u2014AIP Publishing LLC, Tomsk, Russia.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5132104"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08908","article-title":"Cell mechanics and the cytoskeleton","volume":"463","author":"Fletcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Lloyd, S. (2001). Measures of Complexity: A Non Exhaustive List, IEEE Control Systems."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolis, G. (2007). Foundations of Complex Systems: Nonlinear Dynamics, Statistical Physics, Information and Prediction, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812775658"},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Mandelbrot, B.B. (1982). The Fractal Geometry of Nature, W.H. Freeman and Company."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Anishchenko, V.S., Astakhov, V., Neiman, A., Vadivasova, T., and Schimansky-Geier, L. (2007). Nonlinear Dynamics of Chaotic and Stochastic Systems, Springer."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Kuznetsov, Y.A. (2013). Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"19","article-title":"On the theory of phase transitions","volume":"7","author":"Landau","year":"1937","journal-title":"Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. (Mosc.)"},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"Nicolis, G., and Prigogine, I. (1977). Self Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166313","article-title":"Probabilistic and thermodynamic aspects of dynamical systems","volume":"8","author":"Nicolis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2007.4.177","article-title":"Theoretical models for chronotherapy: Periodic perturbations in funnel chaos type","volume":"4","year":"2007","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/msb4100179","article-title":"Towards a theory of biological robustness","volume":"3","author":"Kitano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izquierdo-Kulich, E., and Nieto-Villar, J.M. (2013). Morphogenesis and complexity of the tumor patterns. Without Bounds: A Scientific Canvas of Nonlinearity and Complex Dynamics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34070-3_48"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2017.06.001","article-title":"Phase transitions in tumor growth: V what can be expected from cancer glycolytic oscillations?","volume":"486","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2016.12.089","article-title":"Phase transitions in tumor growth: IV relationship between metabolic rate and fractal dimension of human tumor cells","volume":"473","author":"Cocho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7456-6_8","article-title":"Parameters Estimation in Phase-Space Landscape Reconstruction of Cell Fate: A Systems Biology Approach","volume":"1702","author":"Montero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41526-019-0088-x","article-title":"Phenotypic transitions enacted by simulated microgravity do not alter coherence in gene transcription profile","volume":"5","author":"Po","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Microgravity"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(98)10002-8","article-title":"The thermodynamics and evolution of complexity in biological systems","volume":"120","author":"Toussaint","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(86)90031-X","article-title":"Extracting qualitative dynamics from experimental data","volume":"20","author":"Broomhead","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. D Nonlinear Phenom."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, A., Giuliani, A., and Tomita, M. (2007). Indeterminacy of reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks: The curse of gene elasticity. PLoS ONE, 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000562"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2006.11.001","article-title":"Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex systems","volume":"438","author":"Marwan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."}],"container-title":["Entropy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/22\/8\/885\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:59:47Z","timestamp":1760176787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1099-4300\/22\/8\/885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["e22080885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e22080885","relation":{},"ISSN":["1099-4300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1099-4300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]}}}