{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T16:50:10Z","timestamp":1768668610817,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A6A3A03033316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6A3A03033316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the development of micron-scale devices utilizing thermal gradients to manipulate molecules and colloids, and to measure their thermophoretic properties quantitatively. Various devices have been realized, such as on-chip implements, micro-thermogravitational columns and other micron-scale thermophoretic cells. The advantage of the miniaturized devices lies in the reduced sample volume. Often, a direct observation of particles using various microscopic techniques is possible. On the other hand, the small dimensions lead to some technical problems, such as a precise temperature measurement on small length scale with high spatial resolution. In this review, we will focus on the \u201cstate of the art\u201d thermophoretic micron-scale devices, covering various aspects such as generating temperature gradients, temperature measurement, and the analysis of the current micron-scale devices. We want to give researchers an orientation for their development of thermophoretic micron-scale devices for biological, chemical, analytical, and medical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22090950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T06:06:22Z","timestamp":1598767582000},"page":"950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Thermophoretic Micron-Scale Devices: Practical Approach and Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0342-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namkyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-4: Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes) &amp; JARA-SOFT, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6333-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-4: Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes) &amp; JARA-SOFT, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, D-52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department f\u00fcr Chemie\u2014Physikalische Chemie, Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln, 50939 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3390\/polym4031349","article-title":"Polymer-Based Microfluidic Devices for Pharmacy, Biology and Tissue Engineering","volume":"4","author":"Alrifaiy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.4.112601.125916","article-title":"Physics and applications of microfluidics in biology","volume":"4","author":"Beebe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. 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