{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:18:34Z","timestamp":1779254314551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated competitive conditions in global value chains (GVCs) for a period of fifteen years (2000\u20132014), focusing on sector structure, countries\u2019 dominance and diversification. For this purpose, we used data from the World Input\u2013Output Database (WIOD) and examined GVCs as weighted directed networks, where countries are the nodes and value added flows are the edges. We compared the in-and out-weighted degree centralization of the sectoral GVC networks in order to detect the most centralized, on the import or export side, respectively (oligopsonies and oligopolies). Moreover, we examined the in- and out-weighted degree centrality and the in- and out-weight entropy in order to determine whether dominant countries are also diversified. The empirical results reveal that diversification (entropy) and dominance (degree) are not correlated. Dominant countries (rich) become more dominant (richer). Diversification is not conditioned by competitiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e22101068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:56:43Z","timestamp":1600916203000},"page":"1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Competitive Conditions in Global Value Chain Networks: An Assessment Using Entropy and Network Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2197-2602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Angelidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Complex Systems Analysis Laboratory (COSAL), Laboratory of Economic Analysis and Policy (LEAP), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6923-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Complex Systems Analysis Laboratory (COSAL), Laboratory of Economic Analysis and Policy (LEAP), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Makris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Complex Systems Analysis Laboratory (COSAL), Laboratory of Economic Analysis and Policy (LEAP), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Complex Systems Analysis Laboratory (COSAL), Laboratory of Economic Analysis and Policy (LEAP), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Varsakelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Political Sciences, Complex Systems Analysis Laboratory (COSAL), Laboratory of Economic Analysis and Policy (LEAP), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173644","article-title":"Economic Networks: The New Challenges","volume":"325","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00241","article-title":"Is Protectionism on the Rise? 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