{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:28:55Z","timestamp":1765369735166,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1345322865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1345322865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a robust method to simultaneously localize multiple objects in cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) images. The relative prior distributions of the multiple objects in the three-dimensional (3D) space can be obtained through integrating the geometric morphological relationship of each target object to some reference objects. In cardiac CTA images, the cross-sections of ascending and descending aorta can play the role of the reference objects. We employed the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator that utilizes anatomic prior knowledge to address this problem of localizing multiple objects. We propose a new feature for each pixel using the relative distances, which can define any objects that have unclear boundaries. Our experimental results targeting four pulmonary veins (PVs) and the left atrial appendage (LAA) in cardiac CTA images demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The method could also be extended to localize other multiple objects in different applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e23010064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1609703686000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bayesian Estimation of Geometric Morphometric Landmarks for Simultaneous Localization of Multiple Anatomies in Cardiac CT Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0414-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byunghwan","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Korea"}]},{"given":"Sunghee","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONNECT-AI R&amp;D Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,Korea"}]},{"given":"Hackjoon","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONNECT-AI R&amp;D Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6139-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuk-Jae","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONNECT-AI R&amp;D Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,Korea"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000095796.45180.88","article-title":"Catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"108","author":"Oral","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.061","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"57","author":"Weerasooriya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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